Research on urban imagination in 20th century architecture related utopias and manifestos

Cities represent an objective and dynamic structure where diverse social communities come together in a natural setting and create their own artificial order. Numerous factors, including social, political, economic, and cultural, engage during the cities' formation and development and shape their structures. These change processes have occasionally resulted in chaos and paved the way for the pursuit of a better life and order. Based on the current order's flaws, theoreticians and designers have penned utopias and manifestos throughout history to criticize the system and envision a better life. By the time of the 20th Century, many events such as the ongoing effects of the industrial revolution in the 19th Century, the world wars that followed, economic crises, technological and scientific developments, created various positive and negative effects on societies. Due to these developments, cities sustained significant damage and were reorganized in structures and appearances that were not suitable for the era. The designers and theoreticians of the period developed various urban and structural-based designs and programs to plan cities in perfect order, regardless of existing problems, and in accordance with the possibilities provided by industrial and technological advancements. The purpose of this study is to examine how cities are envisioned in utopias and manifestos penned in the 20th Century as a result of historical events. The period's designs, movements, trends, social and social transformations are evaluated and examined in detail through selected case studies. Spatial descriptions and design principles in selected utopias and manifestos were discussed in the following periods, and how urban landscapes were shaped and how they affected the imaginations of cities in the 21st Century were investigated.