Analysis of the sociological transformation of capital accumulation and economic management after the Presidential Government System

The foundations of the world capitalism system date back to the agricultural revolution. Because the economy of capitalism is basically built on two main elements: capital accumulation and free trade order. Capital accumulation has been discussed specifically in the context of Adam Smith and subsequent researchers. Here, Karl Marx is the basis of the discussions in the capital accumulation process. Discussing capital accumulation through the labor theory of value, Karl Marx explains capital as the transformation of natural resources thanks to the labor factor and argues that the value created by labor is exploited by capitalists and transformed into capital accumulation. Thus, the issue of capital becomes the main discussion area in the literature. At the same time, this emergence has begun to affect social dynamics through labor organizations and politics. Sociological theorists have tried to explain the effects of capital accumulation on social dynamics. The agricultural revolution is explained through the concepts of surplus time and surplus value. Namely, before the agricultural revolution, people spent 24 hours a day sleeping and finding food from nature. The agricultural revolution is humanity's first rebellion against the natural order. Thus, people who began to dominate nature through agriculture also began to obtain less time and more food than they consumed. In other words, this surplus of time represents surplus time, and this surplus of food represents surplus value. From the agricultural revolution until the industrial revolution that emerged in the last quarter of the 19th century, humanity found time for capital accumulation and intellectual accumulation in this spare time. The industrial revolution arose on the basis of capital accumulation and the revolution in science in Europe. It is accepted among researchers in the literature that the industrial revolution created differences in the level of development between countries in the world. In this context, capital accumulation is again a matter of debate regarding the use of robotic technologies and artificial intelligence. These developments created the capitalism system and encouraged it to continuously develop. Within this system, the crises experienced by the countries and the system and the social dynamics of these crises have been investigated. Both sociology and economics have produced answers to these researches. The successor of the Republic of Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, missed the developments in industry and science experienced by European states. Türkiye has gone through and continues to adapt to the capitalist world system after its establishment. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the economic and social developments after the transition to the 2016 Presidential system, capital accumulation and the economic and social effects of capital accumulation. For this reason, the thesis will be built on three main parts. The first part is the capitalism system and the role of capital in this system. The second part is the crises experienced in the capitalism system and the social effects of these crises. The third part is to define the economic and social changes after 2016 based on the experience of the world and to reveal the possible changes in the future by taking into account the world experience.