The effect of radish (raphanus sativus) derived exosomes on osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis, characterized by articular cartilage loss, is a well-established cause of impairment. Given the underlying pathology of OA, it is clear that injured cartilage has a low ability for regeneration. This means the proposed action is essential. Deterioration of articular cartilage, alterations in subchondral bone, and synovitis are hallmarks of this complex illness. Current OA treatments focus mostly on alleviating symptoms like pain and inflammation rather than stopping the disease itself from progressing. There is a significant knowledge gap when it comes to the mechanism that contribute to the OA development. Articular cartilage's extracellular matrix homeostasis is kept in check by a delicate balancing act between anabolic and catabolic pathways; abnormalities in this equilibrium are linked to OA. Chondrocytes are the special cells that make up cartilage in joints. Collagens, proteoglycans, and non-collagen proteins are all synthesized by these cells to form the extracellular matrix. Chondrocyte responses to molecular cues vary between areas and stages of illness, suggesting that mechanical stress and biochemical variables play major roles in disease development. In this regard, the utilization of plant-based products in the treatment of medical disorders is gradually becoming a preferred option due to the fewer negative effects associated with these items. In this respect, objective of this study to examine potential effects of Raphanus sativus derived exosomes on osteoarthritis treatment by defining proliferative, anti-inflammation potential and upregulating cartilage specific activities on protein and gene expression levels for osteoarthritis. Our results demonstrated that, Raphanus sativus derived exosomes has anti-inflammation effect on OA while decreasing expression of IL-1β and IL-6 levels and inducing TGF-β. Also, these exosomes has proliferative effect on OA chondryocyte cells while promoting main extracellular matrix components. Based on these findings, Raphanus sativus derived exosomes appear as a potential therapeutic for osteoarthritis treatment.