Adaptation and settlement problems of Syrians under temporary protection and solution proposals: A research on East Marmara provinces

Mass migration movements in many countries in the globalizing world are increasing in the 21st century due to different reasons. Immigrants, who had to leave their countries due to the civil war and chaos in particular, play an important role in accelerating mass migration movements. Many Syrian citizens, who had to leave their country due to the civil war in Syria at the end of 2011, immigrated to many countries, especially neighboring countries. At the present time, Turkey has been the country most affected by the mass migration movements from Syria. In this study, the opinions of Syrian refugees under temporary protection living in the provinces of Yalova, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Bolu and Düzce, which are within the scope of the Eastern Marmara provinces, towards the city they live in and the local people they live with, to determine the socio-cultural and socio-economic problems they experience during the adaptation process, to determine the housing they live in. It is aimed to present settlement problems and solution proposals for solving these problems by considering the problems. In addition, by asking some questions about the future of the Syrians within the scope of the research, an analysis was made to determine the permanence of these refugees throughout Turkey, especially the Syrian refugees living in the Eastern Marmara provinces. In the study, a questionnaire consisting of demographic, socio-cultural, socio-economic, questions about resettlement, reasons for migration and the future of Syrians was created. "5-point Likert type scale", "multiple choice questions" and "yes-no questions" were used in answering the questionnaires. This survey study was completed by obtaining the necessary permissions from the Presidency of Migration Management and with the help of the provincial migration directorates within the scope of the research, with the participation of Syrian refugees aged 18 and over online and face-to-face due to the Covid-19 outbreak. In this direction, it is thought that those who answered the questionnaire gave consistent answers. This study is important in terms of being a regional study, high participation and understanding how well Syrian refugees adapt to their city and country. As a result of this study, it is aimed to give ideas and suggestions to local and central actors by determining the cultural and economic problems experienced by the Syrian refugees living in the Eastern Marmara provinces, revealing the stage of the adaptation process and their expectations about their future.