SUSTAINABLE ELECTRODES FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES

This dissertation explores the development and optimization of biomass-derived carbon electrodes for next-generation supercapacitors, with a focus on enhancing electrochemical performance through structural modifications and material integration. The study begins with data collection related to carbon-based supercapacitors, and the connection between descriptors (input variables) and capacitance values was established. The study includes the synthesis and characterization of activated carbon electrodes derived from biomass precursors. The porous structure, specific surface area, and electrochemical properties of these materials are systematically analyzed using techniques such as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical performance is evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). To further enhance performance, the dissertation investigates the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide and carbon quantum dots into biomass-derived activated carbon electrodes. The optimized composite electrodes exhibit significant improvements in capacitance retention and cycling stability. The research also explores the integration of boron-doped reduced graphene oxide with activated carbon electrodes, giving better performance through tailored surface chemistry and improved charge transfer kinetics. Additionally, a novel carbon quantum dot-based gel electrolyte is developed to enhance ion mobility and stability, contributing to device performance. The findings of this dissertation highlight the potential of biomass-derived carbon materials as sustainable and high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors.