Evaluation of nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk factors of pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk factors and nutritional status of pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes. Individuals aged between 18-50 years and in their third trimester who applied to Gaziantep Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children's Diseases Hospital were included in the study (50 gestational pregnant women, 50 healthy pregnant women). General characteristics and nutritional habits of the individuals participating in the study were questioned with a questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure measurements were taken from the pregnant women. Nutritional status was evaluated by obtaining consecutive 3-day/24-hour food consumption records from the individuals and Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores were calculated. In addition, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was applied to determine physical activity status. Some blood findings determined routinely (fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride, HOMA-IR) were recorded from the patient file. No statistically significant difference was found between the study groups in terms of pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index classes of the individuals (p>0.05). Weight changes between pre-pregnancy and current weights were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). A significant difference was found between the Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and control groups in terms of glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels, except for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and systolic-diastolic blood pressure values of the individuals (p<0.05). When energy and nutrient intakes were examined, it was found that energy, protein, fat, monounsaturated fatty acid and cholesterol intake were higher. It was found that vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium intakes were higher in the GDM group than the control group and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p<0.05). When the Total Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores were evaluated, it was seen that the GDM group had a higher HEI-2015 score than the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mother's nutrition during pregnancy is important for both her own health and the baby's health. It is stated that the mother's nutritional habits are related to health problems and metabolic changes can affect the health of the mother and the baby. A multidisciplinary approach; close cooperation between the pregnant woman, dietician, nurse, doctor is important