187
Arşivlenen Tez
0
DOI Atanmış
0%
DOI Oranı
Arşivlenen Tez
The forced dislocation of Gypsy people from the town of Bayramic, Çanakkale in 1970
This oral project draws upon Gypsies? and non-Gypsies? narratives of forced dislocation from the town of Bayramic in 1970 with a focus on the recruitment of categories of Gypsyness and Turkishness. It reveals different perspectives and memory constructions along with the positions taken in the attacks and the socioeconomic structure. It displays how and why the social categories functioned by underlining the flexibility of the category of Gypsyness and Turkishness in the town?s context. It discloses how ethnic and other identities represented in cultural spheres can be employed to conceal socio-economic and political inequalities. Thus, the general constitutions of the aforementioned categories in relation to citizenship, nationalism, class and ethnicity in Turkey with an urge for a critical thinking on the logic of national historiography through a particular case and its reflections on ordinary people?s lives are presented. Our particular case will also exemplify how different categories work in relation to national identity, discourse and practices. How nationalism takes different forms and identifications, how and/or when Turkishness is realized and practiced differently, how Gypsyness is constructed in relation to dominant perceptions especially on Turkishness are among the issues of this research.
Punishment, education and reintegration policies in a penitentiary housing convicted youth in Turkey: A study in the Izmir Juvenile Education House
This thesis scrutinizes the interpenetration of the principles of punishment and education at the discursive and practical level through focusing on the Izmir Juvenile Education House which is one of the penitentiaries receiving convicted youth in Turkey. From the very beginning, penitentiaries for juvenile convicts have employed educatory practices, and particularly vocational training through industrial or service sector works. Today, the Juvenile Education House which receives the convicted youth in Turkey incorporates educational practices as the basis of its correction method in the form of formal and vocational training. The main concern of this study is to illuminate today?s Juvenile Education Houses? governance of convicted youth as it is experienced and perceived by the convicted youth, itself. The historical transformation of the Juvenile Education House is also helpful in scrutinizing its institutional discourse.Today the specific educational levels of the convicted youth determine their programs in the Juvenile Education House, while the education received in relation to this background, within the walls of the institution, results in diverse and distinct experiences of conviction itself. In addition, techniques of discipline, surveillance, dominance, subjectification and, above all, self-formation stand out as the primary power mechanisms to shape the inmate as the convicts? presence in the institution is determined minute by minute via daily schedules. Thus, the self-positioning of the Juvenile Education House, in relation to other correctional facilities, eventuates in distinct punitive policies and practices intrinsic to the institution itself. The analysis of these policies and practices is based on in-depth interviews and a focus group conducted with the residents as well as participant observation within the İzmir Juvenile Education House.
The epistemological conflict in the narratives of elementary school textbooks (1908-1924): Islamic and secular insights into education
This study elaborates on the penetration of the secular point of view to the primary school textbooks that were theoretically rooted in a religious tarbiyah philosophy in the Second Constitutional Period. On one hand, it seeks the secularizing vision of the new pedagogy on the school subjects faced the challenge of modern scientific thought that had gained strength throughout the nineteenth century. On the other, it argues that the adaptation of the scientific discourse to the religious tarbiyah, legitimized the hold of the religious view on education. Focusing on religion, history and civics instruction through textbooks, it examines epistemological inconsistencies and dissenting ideological opinions in the state-approved school knowledge written by various authors. It illustrates the philosophy of education as evidenced in the curriculum of 1913 and highlights the alternative narratives of authors contrasting from one another and differentiating from the state guidelines. Thus it traces the discursive ideological standpoints in textbooks and off-the curriculum narratives which had both Islamist and ethno-secular propensities. The study provides answer to the question of where school texts contributed to the production and reinforcement of the Ottoman-Muslim nationalism, and on the other hand, to what extent they became tools for developing alternative school knowledge, opposing and transgressing the given guidelines of standardized curriculums. It reveals the reflections of the conflict between Islamic and secularist policy of the Unionist period through themes such as religion, history, national consciousness, homeland, civilization and backwardness.
The 2002 Civil Code: Its reflections on the human rights of women
The Turkish Civil Code put into effect in 1 January 2002 made many Amendments to the former Civil Code. The Code also introduced changes regarding women and family. While making amendments, the equality of genders was a concern and new rules were introduced about that. This study to discusses the changes to what they articulate or disclose and what they produce on. To understand how the New Code changed women?s everyday lives, the law with its legislative process, national and internationaldevelopments and the legal history of the women?s movements in Turkey were examined.
Turkish Airlines as a soft power tool in the context of Turkish foreign policy
The aim of the thesis is to demonstrate the close relationship between Turkish Airlines and Turkish foreign policy. Overall, it is found that Turkish Airlines as a national airline company has always been affected by the developments in Turkish foreign policy in history. However, since the 1980s Turkish Airlines has been openly used by Turkey as a foreign policy tool to facilitate its opening up to new countries, regions and continents. It is also suggested that despite the privatization of Turkish Airlines, the Turkish state is still very influential in the decision-making process that manifests itself in the area of foreign policy. In that sense, Turkish Airlines acts in accordance with the two main pillars of Turkey in the Middle East, which are establishing visa free travel and signing free trade agreements with the countries in the region. Furthermore, Turkish Airlines is a major tool of Turkey?s opening to the African continent not only with its flights but also its contribution to humanitarian aid. In the former Soviet Union and the Balkans, Turkish Airlines contributes to Turkey?s political, economic and cultural potential to develop close ties with the countries that declared their independence in the post-Cold War period. The involvement of Turkish Airlines in those regions parallel to the developments in Turkish foreign policy adds up to Turkey?s attraction in the minds of foreign people. Hence, Turkish Airlines as a national airline company has become a soft power tool that promotes Turkey?s image and the ability to influence the behavior of others to get the outcomes that it desires.
Reflections of the global implementation of intellectual property rights on pharmaceutical policies: The case of Turkey
This thesis examines how the pharmaceutical policies are affected by the global implementation of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the era of neoliberal globalization and, in return, how these policies affect the pharmaceutical sector and multinational pharmaceutical companies (MPCs), which are the main actors of this implementation process. For this objective, the study is organized in three chapters where first, the global implementation of IPRs is examined; second, the pharmaceutical policies affected by this implementation are discussed and last, their reflections in Turkey are explored. During the thesis, the literature reviews on IPRs and pharmaceutical policies are reinforced with the examination of sector reports, media scans, press releases and interviews for the aim of studying this dynamic political process. In the particular case of Turkey, the current situation is the result of a long process going back to the 1960s, since when the interests of different actors are facing each other. It is undeniable that the global implementation of IPRs creates a favorable atmosphere for MPCs, affects the domestic sector negatively, and results in increasing public pharmaceutical expenditures. For that reason, the Turkish government has conducted cost containment policies aimed especially at these drugs in question, relying on its monospony position. However, according to another result, there has not yet been a violent confrontation between MPCs and the Turkish government. Moreover, there is a tendency to loosen the tension between them. For that reason, it is believed that the current political situation will be unbalanced in the near future.
The anti-alcohol movement in the Early Republican Period in Turkey
This thesis, which handles the period between 1920 and 1939, aims to show how opposition to a substance that is related to everyday life can be an essential part of a nation-building process. Anti-alcohol movements in numerous countries, such as the United States, Finland and Sweden, in the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries constituted models for Turkey. However, in the case of Turkey, the anti alcohol-movement took a different dimension in the particular social and political atmosphere of the country. The leading figures of the anti-alcohol movement in the early Republican Period used alcohol opposition as a tool against the Christian populations of the country who had the control over alcohol business. Moreover, because of the fact that Turkey is a country in which Muslims are the majority, alcohol opposition had a religious dimension especially in the early 1920s. However, the religious concerns lost their power after the Second Group in the parliament was eliminated and the state started to be secularized. This secularization process, together with the rise of the eugenics idea in Europe caused the alcohol opposition in Turkey to take on a secular and scientific dimension. With this change, the movement changed its focus and targeted building a healthy and strong population.
Farmer support regime and political economy of agricultural reform: Transformation of Turkish agricultural policy in the post-2000 era
This thesis analyzes the changing dynamics in post-2000 agricultural policy making in Turkey in terms of populist electoral tradition in relation to the international and domestic policy dynamics. The focus of the study is early 2000s when the reform moves gained a renewed pace as a result of the international pressures? winning leverage over the incumbent governments of the era following the 2001 economic crisis. The thesis takes a snapshot of the trajectories in agricultural policy making and reform efforts in the sector and reveals the changing nature of governmental policy attitude towards agriculture in the early 2000s While analyzing the evolution of the agricultural support regime and policy making in Turkey of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) government era, starting from 2002 until 2011, the international and domestic roots of the reform move and the erratic governmental policy and discourse changes towards the agricultural sector are traced.The main hypothesis of the thesis is that the early years of the AKP rule do not exemplify a deviation from populist policy tradition in Turkish agriculture but was more of an ?obligated? policy transfer to save the day. The initial reason for AKP?s seemingly leading away from populist-corporatist electoral tradition in agriculture was mainly because of the AKP?s weak capacity in handling electoral promises and populist legacy while trying to adhere to its promises to international pressure groups and lack of an innovative and comprehensive policy alternative rivalling the reform designs of the World Bank and IMF. However, once it gained more political power with the help of a more stable economic and political environment and ensured some space to wriggle out of IMF constraints, the initial determination for reform on part of the AKP government did not last long and agricultural policy making started to move back again on the populist-corporatist electoral track with the introduction of agricultural policies deviating from the IMF and the WTO principles and original aims of the WB backed ARIP. In the end, the populist tradition in agriculture survived a new wave of reform pressure striking a happy medium with the old and new policies for the sake of the new giving way to a hybrid and disorienting agricultural regime with the future prospects of hatching into new and more radical policy reforms.
Poor Ottoman Turkish women during World War I: Women's experiences and politics in everyday life, 1914-1923
This dissertation examines the social impact of World War I in the Ottoman Empire on ordinary poor Turkish women and their everyday response to the adverse wartime conditions and the state policies concerning them. Based on new archival sources giving detailed information about the voice, experience and agency of these women and based on the history from below approach, this study focuses on poor, underprivileged and working Turkish women?s everyday experiences, especially their struggle against and perception of wartime conditions, mobilization and state policies about them. By doing so, it contributes to filling the great gap in late Ottoman historiography and women studies, which rarely examine ordinary women and their everyday problems and struggles for survival and rights. This monograph, in this respect, is centered on two major themes. First, it scrutinizes how ordinary women experienced the war and argues that, in contrast to the modernization accounts that overlook women?s sufferings at the cost of post-war developments in women?s rights and liberties and of upper and middle class educated women?s activities and experiences, ordinary Turkish women had great difficulties during the war years. In this regard, it presents a major caveat to accounts accepting the war years as a period during which Turkish women monolithically experienced a gradual liberty and ?emancipation.? Second, focusing on their everyday activities to deal with difficulties, problems and sufferings, it brings the undiscovered and unexamined forms and aspects of women?s critical and subjective views, their everyday politics to circumvent the adverse conditions and state policies, to make their voices heard, to pursue their rights, and to receive government support into the light.
The foundation of a professional group: Physicians in the Nineteenth Century modernizing Ottoman empire (1839-1908)
Physicians in the Nineteenth Century Modernizing Ottoman Empire (1839-1908)This dissertation studies the foundation of the modern professional group of physicians in the nineteenth century Ottoman Empire between the Tanzimat period, during which the first School of Medicine was introduced, and the Second Constitutional Period, after which new medical institutions and political atmosphere were born. The aim of the research is to find out the process in which the modern state formation overlapped with the appearance of this specific profession by considering new ideas of progressivism and modernism.The research first describes the general atmosphere created by the new medical technologies and understanding of the nineteenth century. Then, the new system regulating medical activities is explained and the ways to deal with irregular practitioners is analyzed. After that, within this new system, the formation of a medical student is described by focusing on an ordinary life within the school with political and medical activities. The final focus is given to their civilian activities and the different reactions to them in the Ottoman provinces through the study of provincial physicians and the quarantine doctors.The appearance of the physician is analyzed through the consideration of the shift in the eyes of the state, the self-perception of the physicians, and the perception of the physicians by the common people by primarily the use of the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives in addition to the memoirs and biographies of the physicians. The study targets the introduction of everydayness of these professional elite in relation to the people, the state and the profession itself, and to look behind the legislations introduced under the progressivist and centralizing administrative mentality of the modern state.