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ABSTRACT: Design tools and contents have been digitalized, forming the contemporary fields of the visual arts and design. Corporate culture demands techno-social experts who understand the arts, design, culture and society, while also having a high level of technological proficiency. New departments have opened offering alternatives in art and design education such as Visual Communication Design (VCD) and are dedicated to educating students in the practical aspect of using digital technologies in visual design. The aim of this research is to investigate the current adoption and understanding of VCD education in Turkey and North Cyprus. The marketing and commercialization strategies of various institutes are analyzed to reflect the trends and possible invisible curricula present in VCD. VCD students profiles were examined and interviews were conducted in order to understand the purpose of VCD education from the students’ and VCD scholars’ perspective. Questionnaires were also administered to VCD students in order to determine if future visual designers are aware of the complexities of the actual elements of visual design. The cognitive portion of this research demonstrates the difference between vision and perception which is one of the major subjects in VCD. The differences are demonstrated through the use of methods borrowed from critical pedagogy and semiotics in order to analyze this relatively new field in education. Various triangulation approaches were used to analyze the perceptions of students and scholars and synthesize suggestions to improve VCD curriculum. Keywords: Visual Communication, Design, Artist, Designer, Education. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ABSTRACT: This research examined how Nigerian newspaper columnists narrate the power relations within the country and how they reiterate and rearticulate historical and political events in their analysis of the balance of power with regard to the upcoming presidential election in March 2015. By analyzing the writings of three columnists from three different newspapers, the study examined how ownership and the geographic environment in which a newspaper is published influence the narratives employed by columnists in their bid to set agenda and mold public opinion. While doing so, triangulation of Teun Van Dijk‟s socio-cognitive approach to Critical Discourse Analysis and Norman Fairclough‟s textual, contextual and social analyses in the treatment of the subject were used. Hence, the texts of the columns were analyzed within the socio-political contexts to understand their implications for the social behavior of the readers as potential voters. Three newspapers were used to cater for the north/south political dichotomy and to give a representation to each region. The study, however, views the dichotomy differently, projecting it as a division between those who support the status quo and those who oppose it. The three newspapers used in the study were Vanguard (representing the pro status quo), Daily Trust (representing the anti-status quo), and Nigerian Tribune (providing a middle ground between the two camp). Conclusions of the study suggest that the political and economic elites use their ownership and control of the newspapers to influence the narratives of their columnists. The columnists in turn use volatile concepts like religion, and ethnicity in their narratives to divide the public and move them towards taking political decisions that favor the political elites. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Political Communication, Boko Haram, Ethno-religious crisis, Democracy, 2015 presidential election in Nigeria. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Nigerians in Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus have the highest number of international students among all the 95 countries which have students in the university as at 2014/2015 section so it is significant to know how they cope with language barrier. At the EMU, language of instruction is mostly in English. However, society outside speaks Turkish. This study basically deals with interpersonal communication strategies Nigerian students in Eastern Mediterranean University cope with language barrier especially with the people of the host community. This research was carried out in Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus with a total student population of 18000 as at 2014/2015 academic year Fall term. The total number of Nigerian students in the university was 2327 and out of the population 10% was the sample of the research. 240 questionnaires were administered to three faculties of the institution with 80 copies each to Business and Economics Faculty, Communication and Media Studies Faculty and Engineering Faculty. Findings from the data collected via 238 questionnaires that was received shows that Nigerian students use some aspects of nonverbal cues to cope with language barrier and they are; eye contact, hand gestures, signs and symbols, touch, facial expressions, paralanguage. For the verbal aspects, it is found out that they know and use a few Turkish words. They also use google translate when language becomes a barrier. The study resolves that nonverbal cues and verbal communication are very important aspects of communication for Nigerian students. Also, it is observed that the intervention of the new media is a blessing and not a curse to interpersonal communication as many of them use ‘google translates’ to check meanings when language becomes a barrier. Keywords: Interpersonal communication, nonverbal communication, verbal communication, new media
Road traffic accidents are one of the major issues in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus for the individuals who are involved in a traffic accident, their families, loved ones and also for the government, which suffers from consequences morally and financially. This study aims to find out if the 151 news stories from six local newspapers in TRNC in July 2017 use yellow journalism by using sensationalism and its elements into traffic accident news stories to attract audiences by adding soft news values and to gain more profit from the stories. What is more, by employing quantitative content analysis, this study observes if the selected newspapers miss ethical liabilities while constructing the stories. The conclusion of this study indicates that more than half of the news stories have used sensationalism. Newspapers with more commercial concerns tend to show more sensationalism in the news stories. Thus, it is observed that journalist skip ethical liabilities, when it comes to respecting the news subjects’ identities and personal lives.
The immediate aim of this research is to develop a novel Peace Journalism Model associated with the representations of social movements in the Turkish press. Newspapers addressing the case of the Gezi Park protests serve as the main focal point of the study. 14 daily newspapers from the Turkish press were examined with respect to their coverage of the Gezi Park protests from 28 May 2013 to 30 June 2013. The analysis centered on front pages and the publications of newspaper columnists. By examining the front pages and columnist publications, a quantitative framing analysis was conducted to illuminate the areas of headline formation, dominant frames, and official or unofficial sources usage. Regarding the front pages data were derived from an initial sample of 41 daily newspapers from the Turkish press. Regarding the columnist publications, 222 articles dating from 28 May 2013 to 7 June 2013 were obtained from the 5 most circulated Turkish newspapers and evaluated independently. Also, same 5 newspapers dating from 28 May 2013 to 30 June 2013 were been used for physical content analysis of photographs. The results indicate that the dominant frames used in the 14 newspapers when covering the Gezi Park protests were conflict and information frames; the preferred form was quotation form; and official sources were most the most prevalent source type in front page news stories and column articles. An interpretation of these results in terms of Peace Journalism, Gatekeeping Theory, and Framing Theory suggests that the coverage of peace-oriented news pertaining to social movements in the Turkish news media is insufficient. Keywords: Peace Journalism, Social Movements, News Framing, Gezi Park protests
This study aims at analyzing the representation of masculinity in the New Turkish cinema. This era in cinema, has not only brought a new perspective to the cinema sector and understanding in Turkey but also holds a different position compared past Turkish cinema examples in terms of its representation of masculinity and femininity. The focus point of this study is the films of Zeki Demirkubuz, who has contributed greatly to the cinema sector in Turkey with his succes and distinctive perspective. He provides interesting depictions for analysis with his characters that are defeated men in crisis with their masculinity. With the growing interest in masculinity and its establishment as a field, studies that focus on masculinity have increased. Hegemonic masculinity and masculinity crisis have become key concepts in the field of men’s studies providing insight regarding the internal world of the modern day men and resulting in new information related to masculinity. A qualitative research method was adopted for this study in order to reach a more detailed analysis. Textual analysis was used to analyze of male characters in different positions and to examine their relationship with their own masculinity. The results from the analysis showcase a completely different image which is far from the male characters in traditional Turkish cinema which were represented to be highly strong, brave and determined with their masculine associated qualities. The characters from the films reflect that societies expectations from their gender makes masculinity a heavy burden to carry. Keywords: New Turkish Cinema, Masculinity, Hegemonic Masculinity, Textual Analysis.
Bu yüksek lisans tezi, ideolojik görüşü birbirinden farklı olan çevrimiçi gazete ve haber mecralarında Türkiye’nin İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nden çekilmesinin nasıl temsil edildiğini incelemektedir. Bu amaçla ideolojik görüşü farklı olan ana akım gazeteleri, Hürriyet, Sabah ve Yeni şafak, alternatif haber portalları (Bianet, T24) ve hak örgütleri (Kadın Cinayetlerini Önleyeceğiz Platformu ve Kaos GL) haber içerikleri ve söylemleri açısından değerlendirilmektedir. İlk olarak içerik analizi ile, ana akım gazeteler, ikinci olarak eleştirel söylem analizi ile haber portalları ve hak örgütlerinin haberleri ele alınmaktadır. İçerik analizinde; haberlerin tarihlere göre dağılımı, gazetelerin konuya karşı tutumları, haberlerin tonu, haberlerdeki politik figürler, referans/kaynak gösterimi, fotoğraf kullanımı, haber uzunlukları ve haberi özetleyen kelimeler olmak üzere farklı kategoriler tanımlanmıştır. Eleştirel söylem analizi bölümünde ise Van Dijk’in analizi metodu kullanılmıştır Haberler makro yapı içerisinde: tematik ve şematik, mikro yapı da ise; cümle yapısı, bölgesel uyum, sözcük seçimleri ve haber retoriği açısından irdelenmektedir. İçerik ve söylem analizinde farklı haber mecralarının ele alınmasının nedeni ortak noktaları bulunan iki analiz yönteminde, aynı şeyleri tekrarlamaktan kaçınmaktır. İçerik analizinde çevrimiçi ana akım gazeteler, söylem analizinde ise çevrimiçi alternatif haber platformları ve hak örgütleri çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, 1 Mart – 31 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasındaki İstanbul Sözleşmesi’nin feshi ile ilgili en yoğun tartışmaların olduğu zaman diliminden derlenmiştir. Çalışma, analizler doğrultusunda siyaset ve medya ilişkisini ortaya koymak ve gazetelerin ideolojik yansımalarına ayna tutması bakımından önemlidir. Çevrimiçi haber medyasında feshi kararının ardından, sözleşme karşıtı ve yanlısı birçok haber yayınlanmıştır. Gazetelerin özellikle haberler başlıklarından yola çıkarak, işlenen tema ve kullanılan söylemlerin ideolojik çerçevede şekillendiği sonucuna varılmıştır. İstanbul Sözleşmesi medyada politik olarak temsil edilmektedir. Yeni medya ve hak örgütü platformları arasında, haberde kullanılan; ton, dil ve uslup konularında farklılıklar vardır. İçerik ve söylem analizi neticesinde bu farklılıklar çalışmada makro ve mikro ölçekte sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: İstanbul sözleşmesi, temsil, ideoloji, yeni medya, şiddet
This study investigated the use of social media platforms by five Nigerian FMCG companies for crisis communication and management during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study focused on how five companies used social media for external crisis communication with their consumers/clients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was anchored on the Situational Crisis Communication, Social-Mediated Crisis Communication (SMCC) Model and Media Dependency theoretical frameworks. Both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used to gather data using an online questionnaire to collect data from 122 employees from Corporate Communications, Public Relations, Administrative, and Human Resource departments of the selected five FMCG companies in Nigeria. Five interviews were conducted with the Heads of Department of the Public Relations in these companies to gain clarifications on the quantitative results. The research findings show that a reasonable number of the surveyed FMCG companies (60%) had a crisis management plan, and the plans were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the results indicated that these companies used social media for external crisis communication (with consumers) during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially when the pandemic started. These companies extensively used social media platforms (mainly Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) to share health tips on COVID-19, eliminate fake news and misinformation about the pandemic and to inform the public of their companies’ contributions to vulnerable citizens affected by the lockdown during the pandemic. Facebook was the most frequently used social media platform for these communications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study concludes that social media offer both advantages and disadvantages for external crisis communication but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. There exists a vital need for FMCG companies in Nigeria to have a plan for crisis situations, and use the merits of social media platforms for effective crisis managing. Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic, Social Media, Crisis Communication, Fast-Moving Consumer Goods, Nigeria, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram
ÖZ: Değişen pazar dinamikleri arasında, en önemlilerden biri olan tüketicilerin talep, istek ve beklentilerinin, her geçen gün değişmesi, şirketlerin bu duruma ayak uydurup pazarda var olmalarını daha da zorlaştırmıştır. Dolayısıyla kaliteli ürünler üretmek veya hizmetler sunmak bu noktada yeterli olmamaktadır. İnternet kullanımının yoğun olduğu pazarlarda artık geleneksel medya araçları kullanarak tüketicilere ulaşmaya çalışmak da bu noktada yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Kuzey Kıbrıs pazarında gelişen alışveriş merkezlerine olan tutumun araştırılmasının yanısıra, alışveriş merkezlerinin de tüketiciye ulaşmak için uygulamış oldukları dijital pazarlama iletişimi kampanyalarını incelemektir. “Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta Bulunan Alışveriş Merkezlerinin Dijital Pazarlama İletişimi Kampanyaları ve Tüketici Tutumları” konu başlıklı araştırma konusu alanda ilk olup literatüre ve sektöre katkı sağlaması, araştırmayı önemli kılmaktadır. Kuzey Kıbrıs pazarında 3 farklı bölgede yer alan alışveriş merkezleri, City Mall (Gazimağusa), 1001 Airport Mall (Lefkoşa), Avenue Dereboyu (Lefkoşa) ve Girne Park (Girne) evreni oluşturduğundan nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak tüketicilerinin tutumlarını ölçmek için anket yöntemi kullanılacaktır. Araştırmanın bir diğer kısmını oluşturan alışveriş merkezlerinin uygulamış oldukları dijital pazarlama iletişimi kampanyaları incelenmesinde bahsi geçen alışveriş merkezlerinin Facebook sayfalarına içerik analizi yöntemi uygulanacaktır. İletişimin etkilerinin hiyerarşik modeli çerçevesinde, kullanımlar ve doyumlar teorisi ile Maslow’un gereksinimler hiyerarşisi teorisi bu araştırmanın temelinde kullanılacak olan iletişim teorileridir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dijital Pazarlama, Tüketici Davranışları, Kuzey Kıbrıs’taki AVM’ler, Pazarlama İletişimi
ABSTRACT: This study focused on the framing of VAW in the print media in Namibia, it exposed the masculine nature of media reports on VAW. From the perspectives of media discourse on gender, this research study uses both quantitative and qualitative analysis to explore the framing of violence against women (VAW) in the Namibian print media. The research study is located within the broad contexts of theory and methodology of both journalism and gender studies. News articles, photos, commentaries and editorial were collected from two newspapers, The Namibian and New Era, covering the period of 1 January to 31 December 2013. VAW has become a day-to-day tragedy for women in Namibia while it has also now become a steady fodder of news in the print media. The media have a significant responsibility of projecting the seriousness and need for attention to social issues as VAW in the society. The research study exposed how the VAW media reports are event-based failing to give in-depth analysis and bring out the seriousness of the VAW issue. While on the other hand the study reveals a news media discourse which prioritises men’s voices over women’s voices in the VAW reports analysed. The study also concludes that the print media in Namibia exhibits a press routine system that marginalises and ostracises women when it comes to VAW reportage which reflects a patriarchal discourse. iv In this framework, the study draws our attention to the need for media changes in the coverage of social issues like VAW for the benefit of society. Keywords: Women, print media, framing, violence against women, media discourse.