Bilim ve Teknoloji Politikası Çalışmaları Anabilim Dalı (disiplinlerarası)
Middle East Technical University16
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Kurumsal girişimcilik ve inovasyon arasindaki ilişki ve dönüşümcü liderliğin düzenleyici etkisi
Innovation has one of the most important activities for ensuring competitiveness and development which results in sustainable economic growth. Innovation is encouraged by corporate entrepreneurship which challenges bureaucracy and promotes entrepreneurial behaviors within an organization. Corporate entrepreneurial environment is the stimulator of innovation within large companies through development of new opportunities, renewing processes, implementation of new methods, and exploitation of the new products or services. In this study, the relationship between innovation and factors such as top management support, work discretion/autonomy, time availability, organizational boundaries, and rewards/reinforcements, which are covered within the scope of corporate entrepreneurial factors, are examined. In addition, the moderation effect of transformational leadership in the relationship between corporate entrepreneurial factors and innovation is investigated. For this purpose, survey data collected from 135 unit level managers of a large defense and aviation company are examined by regression analysis. Contrary to the corporate entrepreneurship literature, no significant relationship between innovation and the corporate entrepreneurial factors have been found by this research. Moreover, a significant moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurial factors and innovation has not been found.
Firma seviyesi öğrenme faktörleri: Türkiye savunma sanayi örneği
This thesis aims to figure out the main factors affecting organizational learning by using the case of a Turkish defense industry company. This thesis is based on the hypothesis that defense industry companies have both barrier and driver factors for organizational learning. For this end, the literature is reviewed in the area of knowledge, knowledge management, and organizational learning. After the basic research on key elements of organizational learning, a conceptualization study is conducted with forty-six factors that positively affect organizational learning were identified and associated with the literature. The main factors of organizational learning are evaluated through a questionnaire applied to categorized R&D engineers. In order to find the answer to how learning performance can be improved, the semi-structured interview that conducted to ten staff with different experiences and positions in related departments is analyzed. According to the results of the questionnaire and interview studies, it is observed that the firm has many factors supporting organizational learning, but there are also barriers that needed to be resolved. By analyzing both quantitative and qualitative results, strategies are proposed for the firm. After this study, the prepared questionnaire can be used in different studies as a supporting tool. The thesis can be continued in studies that investigate bachelor educations of R&D workers, and comprehensive R&D policy research for the government.
Çevre teknolojilerinin yayılımına etki eden etmenler: Türkiye'de çöp gazından enerji eldesi teknolojisinin yayılımı üzerine vaka çalışması
The aim of this study is to describe influencers of Landfill Gas to Energy technology diffusion in Turkey and explore influencing mechanisms in order to shed some light on environmental technology diffusion. The grounded theory was adopted as the research methodology. 8 semi-structured interviews were carried out with actors from private sector who are engaged in Landfill Gas to Energy investments in Turkey. The results of the data analysis suggest that, the feed-in-tariff mechanism has fulfilled the duty of supporting Landfill Gas to Energy technology diffusion in 2015 and after that it has begun to act as a compensator for the shortcomings of the municipal solid waste management system in Turkey. Our hypothesis is that; the feed-in-tariff instrument which have been introduced without considering its environmental impacts, has resulted in a lock-in to the marginal environmental innovation and has been a barrier in front of radical changes. Finally, we have proposed technology policies in micro, meso and macro scale to solve the technological lock-in problem.
Milli muharip uçak geliştirme (TFX) programında uygulanabilecek program yönetimi metotları ve pratiklerinin F-35 müşterek taarruz uçağı (JSF) programının tecrübesi kullanılarak belirlenmesi
Following World War II, the air power was clearly accepted as the most critical power to have for all nations. The military theorists focused on the air power since the air supremacy was seen the key for victory. Hence, the fighter aircraft technology has grown aggressively in the second half of last century and triggered the development of five types of aircraft generations until the beginning of the 1990s. The F-35 Lightning-II is a fifth-generation aircraft that has thrust vector, stealth airframe, advanced radar and sensors and integrated avionics with fusion technology, and it was developed and manufactured under the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program which is one of the largest single defense programs in the world history. Turkey has been a partner of JSF Program with the international memorandum and under this memorandum and Turkey will procure the F-35 Lightning-II. Furthermore, Turkey independently decided to start the local development of fifth generation fighter aircraft and named it as 'National Combat Aircraft Development (TFX) Program'. The conceptual design phase has been completed under the TFX Program and currently the preliminary design phase of the aircraft is ongoing. In the development of the large-scale programs such as JSF, TFX i.e., each project process and each phase should be designed and each decision have to be taken with great scrutiny as the results of each action can have tremendous effects on the program, not only limited to technical, but also financial matters. Any unnecessary application can cause waste of time, money and other resources. Therefore, it is important to apply the best practices from all the past experiences made out, lessons-learnt encountered the other programs in TFX Program. At that point, the JSF Program seems as a cut out for TFX Program. In this thesis, program management methods and applicable best practices are investigated and presented by utilizing the experiences gained in the JSF Program in order to make the best use of time, money and efforts and increase the efficiency of the TFX Program.
Afet yönetimi arama ve kurtarma operasyonları için yol haritası ve acil durum yardım ve tespit sistemi geliştirilmesi
Despite humanity is advanced so much in information and technology, it is still not able to interfere or change natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic explosions and droughts. Along with natural disasters, caused by immersive improvements made in information technologies, technological disasters are also become a big problem in our societies today. New researches need to be made in order to minimize or completely eliminate the effects of these human-based disasters. There is a common understanding that disasters cannot be avoided and studies had been made to minimize the effects of disasters, to reduce life losses, to bring order back to life as soon as possible and to lighten communal effects. For this to happen, a lot of work force and commitment are needed by search and rescue teams. In this research, the time passed for the search and rescue teams to reach the data of the survivors under the wreckage and how reducing this time affects the actual rescuing process and disaster management politics is being investigated. An innovative model proposed to minimize the search period and make it available for local search & rescue operations especially for first responders. In this thesis; a model is developed from both expert opinions and data from the project. With this model, a recommendation set is produced intended for the technologies used, processes that are applied and policies that are used in disaster management in Turkey. In the last part, suggestions on lessons learned and further studies are explained. Keywords: Turkey, Search and Rescue, Life Detection, Emergency Help and Detection System, Inovation
Türkiye'de çalışan bireylerin en son bitirdiği eğitim-öğretim alanı ile istihdam edildikleri meslek grubu arasındaki uyumsuzluk düzeyinin ve nedenlerinin analizi: TÜİK hane halkı iş gücü anketlerinden elde edilen bulgular
Field of study mismatch occurs when attained field of study is different from field of study required for doing the job well. Using TURKSTAT labor force surveys, this thesis attempts to analyze incidence level and causes of field of study mismatch in Turkey. Mismatch is measured by using coding scheme. Its determinants are analyzed by estimating binary logistic regression model, with an emphasis on the effect of labor market conditions. Analysis of incidences indicates that Turkey has high incidence of mismatch at an increasing trend between 2012 and 2016. The findings are remarkably much worse for some fields. For example, 92.5% of graduates from "arts" at vocational and technical high schools, and 71.2% of graduates from "computing" at higher education work in jobs that are unrelated to their fields of study. Regression results for 2016 yields that likelihood of mismatch increases as "field specific employment rate" decreases, which indicates that mismatch does not result uniquely from workers' choice, but is highly responsive to labor market context. Moreover, overeducated employees are far more likely to be mismatched than vertically well-matched ones. These findings imply that when supply of graduates from a field is more than jobs available in that field, graduates are forced to accept jobs outside their fields and/or below their education level which causes them to be field of study mismatched and/or overeducated. Balancing supply of graduates and improving effectiveness of labor market mechanism may be primary policy recommendations to be proposed by focusing on high priority fields which have the highest incidences with the worst labor market indicators. Keywords: Field of study mismatch, horizontal mismatch, vertical mismatch, education mismatch, labor supply
Türk savunma sanayii için bir Ar-Ge yol haritası
One of the worldwide leading sectors with the highest R&D resources allocation is the defense industry, which has recently been growing rapidly in Turkey. R&D projects require investments and extra costs depending on the type of business. Therefore, companies feel obliged to track their R&D activities strictly by carrying out a series of controls and measurements so as to reach the desired objectives and avoid any financial loss. However, performance measurement of defense R&D activities differ from country to country since each country have their own unique defense industry laws and regulations, issues regarding defense industry call for confidentiality, and there is a lack of unanimously accepted source of reference in the field of defense R&D. This study deals with R&D performance measurement methods and metrics in Turkish defense industry. In two different focus group interviews, an answer was sought to the question of What should be the R&D and innovation vision of Turkish Defense Industry companies?. In this way, technology evaluation criteria were weighted, and technology areas were ranked. Thereafter, a two-round Delphi survey relating to 19 Delphi statements about defense industry was carried out. As a result of this process, D.14 statement of Domestic simulator systems and sub-systems are to be manufactured using virtual reality techniques to simulate critical cues provided by real platforms came to the forefront, and what should be done by public and private enterprise to realize the corresponding question of this Delphi statement – D.14.8 – asking The contribution of the issue mentioned in the Delphi statement to Turkey's science, technology, and innovation capacity was identified as the roadmap through face-to-face interviews with relevant experts in the field. Keywords: R&D Performance Metrics and Methods, The Delphi Method, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Manufacture Effective Simulators, Technology Roadmap
Teknoloji geliştirme programları için bir etki değerlendirme modeli
Economic and social development of a country is directly related with the sustainable technology development capabilities and innovation capabilities of its own. Technology development activities are assumed to be the most challenging process of the R&D ecosystem. Mostly the public sector funds the technology development programs because of the required huge resources, difficulty in coordination of multiple partners and risky management stages. This dissertion aims to submit an impact assessment model for especially public funded technology development programs for sustainability, accountability and effective management purposes. Proposed model consists of three sub modules which are technology asessment module, economic output assessment module and economic outcome assessment module. An experimental case study has been conducted to prove the usefulness of the proposed model. Case study assessments are done with 35 qualified personnel who are researchers, project managers, academic staff and program experts from Turkey's the most prestigious institutes, universities, research centers and funding corporations. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and TOPSIS methods are used to analyze the qualitative technology maturity level with respect to 9 technological indicators. Expert assessments are done to measure the economic outputs return value by means of 8 economic output indicators. The results show that any technology development program must give priority for qualitative researcher employment, national design competence and activation of technological prototype outputs respectively. The achieved qualitative technology maturity level is calculated for sustainability purposes, the insufficient maturity areas and a network impact schema are displayed and an economic return rate is calculated for accountability purposes.
Girişim performansı üzerine: Girişimci ve girişimci takım özellikleri bir girişimi nasıl başarılı kılar?
Acceleration is a relatively new support mechanism that primarily aims to assist the growth of startups to ensure their success in the market. The selection mechanism of accelerators enables them to admit fittest early-stage startups that are most likely to perform well, and succeed in the market. Entrepreneurial characteristics are among the criteria that affect startup selection and startup performance. Based on the interviews of 14 acceleration and incubation programs in Turkey, this thesis initially aims to explore entrepreneur and entrepreneurial team characteristics as apart from each other. Further, the main objective of this thesis is to explain market-related, finance-related, and program-related performance of startups with individual and team level entrepreneurial characteristics based on the empirical analysis of 122 surveys conducted to startups that are admitted to interviewed programs. The main qualitative findings indicate that acceleration programs consider team-level entrepreneurial characteristics as more critical than individual-level entrepreneurial characteristics. However, quantitative findings reveal that individual-level characteristics have a higher influence on startup performance. Team-level characteristics become decisive on the program-related performance of startups. In light of the findings, there are several implications for entrepreneurs, accelerators (and similar mechanisms), and for ecosystem builders (universities, government, and industry) to ensure sustainable development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Turkey.
Dijitalleşme ve COVID-19'un bankacılık iş modeline etkileri: Türk bankaları üzerine nitel bir araştırma
The aim of this thesis is to understand the effect of digitalization and the digitalization-based changes during Covid-19 pandemic on Turkish Banking Sector (TBS). For this purpose, a qualitative study comprised of structured interviews are conducted to seven top managers of diversified banks and a regulatory authority. As a theoretical framework, the digital transformation maturity model is used as a foundation of the first part of the interview to determine the maturity levels of banks. Second part of the interview consists of employing the elements of Business Model Canvas (BMC) and the data generated is analyzed using a pattern-making approach. The results show that only one of the sample banks is classified as optimized which uses digital transformation for creating new business models according to the digital transformation maturity model. Further, due to changing phase of competition, adaptation of regulatory framework for open banking is a must. Together with these, digital money, blockchain, embedded banking and artificial intelligence are major issues that are to determine the future trend of banking with many new technologies to be implemented in this respect. In parallel to these developments, there is also need for collaboration of unions, banks, Fintechs and government authorities for the employment effects of technological developments. These institutions in collaboration can be remarkably effective in bettering the quality of human resources, competence building and creation of new employment opportunities. In other words, an innovation system perspective is necessary both for policy designers, policy implementers and the actors in TBS.
Üçlü sarmal modeli ve Türk Döner Kanat Teknoloji Merkezi
A knowledge-based economy which focuses on the production and management of knowledge uses innovation as the main driver of the economic growth in order to be competitive in the global market. The triple helix model of innovation which is based on the interactions between government, university and industry creates an environment to foster knowledge-based economic development. The main objective of this thesis is to examine the success factors of University-Industry-Government collaboration in Rotary Wing Technology Center-RWTC (Döner Kanat Teknoloji Merkezi-DKTM) in Turkey. This aim will be achieved by answering the main research questions in the field of Rotorcraft technologies: How does RWTC transfer the know-how generated in the universities to the industry?; How does RWTC contribute to creating skilled human resource needed in the industry?; How does RWTC promote the sustainability processes in the industry? Based on google scholar database, there is no study that has explored the triple helix model in the context of a thematic technology center in defence industry in Turkey. By using qualitative data collected from interviews with experts such as academicians, policy makers, researchers, State and company directors and analyses of statistical data about RWTC survey conducted to researchers worked in RWTC projects, this study evaluates the technology transfer on critical technologies through University-Industry-Government collaboration model in one of the priority areas of defence industry in Turkey. As a conclusion, policy implications that improve the existing model further and could also be applied to other defence industry areas are derived.
Türkiye'de insansız hava aracı teknolojilerinin olgunluk düzeyi ve yol haritası için bir inceleme
This research aims to investigate problems, needs of the UAV industry, and required actions for the future in Turkey, to determine technological maturity criteria, and to prepare a technology roadmap. Qualitative data collected through interviews with actors from institutions/enterprises operating in the UAV industry is analysed, and inferences about the Turkish UAV industry are made, and suggestions for findings are developed. Twenty statements prepared to determine the technology goals for the Turkish UAV industry are evaluated using the Delphi technique in two rounds, and a technology roadmap is developed on intelligent flight management of UAV swarms that are resistant to adverse conditions. Technology roadmap and maturity model are built through expert interviews. The maturity model proposed presents descriptive and prescriptive roles. The current state of the Turkish UAV industry is evaluated, conducting an application of the maturity model through a survey. The outputs of the study are presented with technical details, assessment of researcher, and policy recommendations.
Savunma sanayiinin sivil sanayilerle ilişkisinin analizi: Türkiye için politika önerileri
Nations have been putting great efforts in developing their defence industry, and it is usually located in the centre of their internal and international policies. Increase in defence expenditures necessitate to create rational, durable and sustainable connections between defence and civil industries. Defence industry contributes to the development of absorptive capacity of a nation by promoting the high-end and unique discoveries and facilitating the process of learning. Today the current technological diffusion between defence and civil industries is two-sided and civil industries are increasing their share in knowledge generation compared to the past. Thus, dual-use applications become crucial for commercialization and utilization to achieve mutual growth. Main objective of this study is to bring light on three points: determination of the relations between defence and civil industries, the evaluation of defence industry's effect on civil industries and the revealing of best practices for beneficial inter-industry collaboration. Methodology of this study is based on the qualitative approach. The research data is collected via qualitative semi-structured interviews that is conducted with twenty-one participants from three domestic target groups selected by quota sampling method. The data gathered from interviews are analysed through the data- driven coding process in three stages. This study includes up-to-date policy recommendations for strengthening the relationship between defence and civil industries based on rational analyses and best practice examinations for policymakers in Turkey. As a result, this study suggests five ways for establishing valuable relation mechanisms between industries and seven methods for updating defence industrial and technological base of Turkey.
Türkiye'de sera teknolojilerinin yaygınlaştırılmasında gerekli teknoloji politikalarının tasarlanması ve öneriler: Konuşan bitki yaklaşımı örneği
Main purpose of this thesis is to explore closed cultivation environment as greenhouses under protected cultivation in Turkey, emphasizing advanced production methods in use, challenges of improving current operations and ways of diffusing advanced tools and equipment through policies. In order to specify needs and solutions towards diffusing greenhouse technologies, solutions compatible to Speaking Plant Approach are centered. Protected cultivation technologies are not diffused at the potential level in Turkey, compared to countries known with their greenhouse operations and their scientific contribution in advancing Speaking Plant Approach, as Netherlands and Japan. Beside of financial investment concerns, key development areas need to be investigated with an interdisciplinary aspect to ensure policies have a holistic approach. Functional categories are designed and elaborated in accordance with Technological Innovation System approach to generate policy instruments and recommendations. The functional analysis underlines problems to be addressed, in parallel to prioritization made by actors taking part in public policies in agricultural concerns. Accordingly, greenhouse owners selected by different size of operations are included to this study to understand producer needs and expectations in the field. Bearing in mind the country-based resources and infrastructure on greenhouse operations and technologies, policy instruments are presented according to both greenhouse owner expectations and perspectives of public servants in Chambers of Agriculture.
Sosyo-teknik sistemler çerçevesinde Fablab'lar ve sürdürülebilirliğe katkıları
Since their first establishment at the beginning of the millennium, the number of fablabs has increased significantly worldwide. Fablabs serve many purposes, such as facilitating repairs, relocating production locally, educating on science and technology, or carrying out R&D in an open and disruptive manner. The innovation carried out in fablabs creates niche markets that are alternatives to the existing unsustainable, locked-in systems. This research explores the current state and future potential of personalized production within fablabs in France and Belgium as an alternative to mass production. For this, a hypothetical system is constructed on the multi-level perspective framework of the socio-technical approach. By surveying each element of this system, the trajectories are derived, and the transition pathways of the whole system are projected. The findings reveal that personalized production in fablabs carries a transition potential as an add-on to the existing systems; however, this potential is mainly dependent on environment-friendly and cost-effective technological enhancements. Moreover, special attention needs to be given by policymakers to promote the niche innovations developed within fablabs.
Teknoloji yakınsamasının sektörler arası birlikte evrimleşmeye etkisi: Otomotiv ve bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri sektörleri durum çalışması
Recent developments show that convergence, particularly technology convergence, is one of the main trends that shape the new economy. Such that, the dominant sector is being created by more than one converging sector that, in turn, provides the infrastructure for wealth and innovation creation by all sectors. Thus, convergence is becoming the basis of all sectors and it reduces the threshold of transforming the economy. Moreover, recent studies suggest that key enabling technologies (KETs) that have disruptive impact on sectoral transformation and blurring of boundaries of distinctive sectors, emerge based on technology convergence. As a result, the dynamics of the respective innovation systems (IS) also transform in a co-evolutionary perspective. Thus far, the IS approach has concerned with the dynamics of only one dominant sector and co-evolution within the sector, while only paying attention to the links of related/supportive sectors. Therefore, there is room for improvement to explain the effect of technology convergence over cross-sectoral dynamics and respective IS, as well as examining the impacts of KETs over sectoral transformation. For these reasons, this thesis aims to contribute theoretically and methodologically to the field of IS by conceptualizing an understanding of cross-sectoral co-evolution. Empirically, further refinement of the conceptualization based on a comparative multi-criteria assessment of more than one sector is applied for automotive and information and communication technology sectors. As a result, a cross-sectoral matching analysis method is proposed and a Cross-Sectoral Innovation System approach is conceptualized as a contribution to the IS literature.