Orphans in the case of Uskudar in the 19th century (1850-1856)

Islamic law and the state system have shown that the observance of human rights is controversial, and thus the orphans right has been prioritized over it. For this reason, throughout history, states governed by Islamic law have valued orphans' rights and established foundations to protect and care for them and to meet their needs. The Ottoman Empire, which has made significant progress in the field of foundation, established various charitable facilities for orphans as an important part of the field. In the Ottoman Empire, besides the foundations, a special supervision was established for orphans after The Rescript of Gülhane. In this way, the work for orphans has been made more controlled. After this important step taken for orphans, kindergartens, nursing homes and boarding schools continued to be opened for orphans. In the study, the practices carried out by the Ottoman State for orphans and the institutions they formed were discussed. In addition, by examining the sharia records where court records are kept, these children's financial, social, legal, economic, etc. It has been determined what kind of privileges it has in many areas. The study, in which Üsküdar region was chosen as a geographical area, covers the years 1850-1856. In the study, the process from the time the children in Üsküdar are orphaned to the time they come of age was examined. Keywords: Ottoman Empire, Uskudar, Orphan, Orphans Chests, Fund.