Revising Turkey's social transformation from 1990s to 2000s: building open society

Turkish modernization has a history of about one and a half centuries. It was directly influenced by the periodic policies and took an active role in the social construction process. By adopting liberal economy in the 1980s and 1990s, there has been an intense change in class, economic, cultural structure and understanding. The common belief is that in the 1990s, when the urban society became more evident, there emerged a new social structure who, instead of being integrated into national identity, wanted to break its crust, were consumerist and sought class rise. This became more visible through social movements, local identities and cultures emerged. As for the 2000s, it is noteworthy that these were the years when there were large class transitions and increased consumerism. In this study, Popper's 'open society' concept, which is thought to be guiding to understand the social phenomenon experienced in Turkey in the 1990s, was used as an analysis tool. For this analysis, certain terms such as consumer society, spatial segregation and new social movements were investigated. Thus, the process from 1980's to 2000's in Turkey have been investigated in terms of whether it is an example of open society which gave importance to individual freedom, transparent, inspectable.