"بدء المملكة العربية الى زمن معاوية حسب كتاب تاريخ الزمان لابن العبري"

The current research is concerned with the view of the Syriac fathers notably, the great polymath Mor Grigorios Abu al-Faraj, also known as Bar 'Ebroyo (Barhebraeus) on the spread of Islam and Rashidiya Caliphate until the rise of the Umayyad Caliphate and the overlapping of the latter with the former. The events that took place at these eras and the transmission of the Khalifate subsequently from one Caliph to another in a proper and careful order, along with the inner events that happened in the byzantine and Persian empires such as succession of kings and coups d'état, are additional subjects of examination. Barhebraeus' Chronicon, is the base literature examined in the current research. The book deals with the chronological history from genesis to 1285 A.D., encompassing the world history, nations and scientists, and addresses the kingdoms of the Greeks, Aramaic, Persian and Arabs. Additionally, the era of the rise of Islam until Mu'ayiya ben Abi Sefian, corresponding the twelfth year of Hercules's reign as emperor of the Romans, in Greek calendar from 933 to 989, has been quoted analyzed in this research. Furthermore, a translation of this epoch from Syriac into Arabic is provided with critical analyses of the text in footnotes divided between the text and its translation. Moreover, a comparison of the Syriac accounts with other Syriac sources is drawn to validate the historical events and examine discrepancies of dates among historians and scribes, whenever these appear. Besides, these discrepancies of historical events and their dates have been compared to other Islamic sources where lot of the accounts in the Syriac documents were missing. Based on the Syriac manuscript, this research is divided into: • The events surrounding the rise of Islam with the first king, Mohamed, (the Muslim prophet), his life, education, and the incipiency of the Islam and its spread, with its laws and regulations. • The succession of authority, that is Caliphate, until reaching to each of Abu Bakr, Omar ben Alkhattab, Othman ben Affan, Ali ben Abi Talib and Mu'awiya ben Abi Sefian. The author was not interested in the particularity of the personal life of the Arab kings insofar as in the major events of the kingdom while turning the spotlight on the military, political and social events. Added to all that, other foremost events, such as those that stormed the Islamic empire such as the increased tension between the followers of Ali and Mu'awiya in the aftermath of Othman's assassination which led to fierce inner conflict, are highlighted. Furthermore, the work considers the conflicts that took place in the byzantine empire that led to the weakening of the state and the dominion of the Arabs over wide spaces of the byzantine empire. The Persian empire, however, was weakened on account of inner conflicts over power, treasons and revolutions until it fell completely into the Arabs' hands. Cumulatively, other astronomical and mythical events such as solar eclipse, the appearance of burning stars, earthquakes and pandemics diseases are considered.