Debates on Socialism during the First Grand National Assembly of Türkiye

The First Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM) gathered the legislative, executive and judicial bodies within itself and accepted the principle of "union of powers" by adopting the "Parliamentary Government System". Mustafa Kemal, Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, served as the head of both the Parliament (legislative) and the government (executive). The subject of the thesis is the debates that took place during the first Turkish Grand National Assembly period. The subject covers the events that took place between 1920 and 1923 in various countries, especially in Turkey, and that affected Turkey in connection with the First Grand National Assembly of Turkey and socialism. Basic terms that form the conceptual framework of the thesis are as follows: The First Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal, the Defense of Law Group, the Second Group, Socialism, Communism, Bolshevism, the Green Army Society, the Turkish Communist Party, the People's Group, the Turkish People's Participation Party, Enver Pasha and Mustafa Suphi. The thesis was created with the "qualitative" research method. In the thesis, qualitative research method is one of the data analysis techniques. Data triangulation technique, which consists of a combination of literature review, document-by-document analysis and biographical data collection techniques, was used. The reason for using the data diversification technique is to obtain data regarding the First Grand National Assembly of Turkey term in the most reliable way. In the thesis, general information about the First Grand National Assembly of Turkey was obtained and in the light of this information, the nature of the Assembly, the socio-economic situation of the MPs and their political preferences were determined. In the examinations carried out, it was observed that the socialist MPs who were in the parliament during the first Turkish Grand National Assembly were often silenced, excluded and many of them were tried. However, although it was the first parliament; it has been understood that the First Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which was a multi-voiced parliament comprising different political groups and consisting of deputies with different socio-economic and cultural characteristics, was the most democratic parliament in the history of Turkey, despite all kinds of negativities. First Turkish Grand National Assembly was opened at a time when the Bolshevik Revolution began to show its effects outside Russia and was influenced by the Bolshevik Revolution. Turkish communists, especially Mustafa Suphi, struggled to bring communism to Turkey; However, they were not successful. The Russian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic (RFSSR) Administration supported Enver Pasha instead of Mustafa Kemal in Turkey's struggle for power. Moreover, while the RFSSC was trying to spread communism in Turkey, it did not support the Turkish Revolutionaries it assigned and left them alone. She did not react sufficiently to the murder of Mustafa Suphi, the dismissal of Nazım Bey from the ministry, and the trial and punishment of other Turkish communists in the Independence Courts. RFSSC provided unrequited aid to the Turkish Revolution, which is described as anti-imperialist. While the unrequited aid strengthened Mustafa Kemal's hand, it left the Turkish Communists in a difficult situation. Since 1920, there were discussions about communism in the parliament and Communist MPs were put under pressure. However, the pressures on communists increased to the highest level in 1921.