Usage of copper nanoparticles prepared by biological synthesis (green synthesis) for the removal of azo dyes and determination of some biological activities

In this study, green synthesis of copper nanoparticles synthesized using Plantago lanceolata L. extract was carried out. First, some characterization processes were carried out to determine the shape, chemical form, size and morphological structures of the synthesized CuNPs. These characterization processes; UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX and Zeta potential. As a result of all these characterization processes, it was determined that the CuNPs obtained were approximately 70-80 nm in size and in cubic shape. In the methylene blue and congo red dye removal of CuNPs, experiments were first performed at 25 °C and 40 °C depending on the pH-dependent change, then the amount of nanoparticles and the concentration of both dyes. In the results obtained, it was observed that the best removal of methylene blue was achieved with 97.49% and 50 ppm MB concentration in the process using 20 mg CuNPs. In the anticancer activity of CuNPs, 1000 µg/mL is more effective for both nanoparticle and plant extract, respectively; 76% and 84%. In the cytotoxicity experiment performed for SH-SY5Y cells, CuNPs activity showed the best activity at 1000 µg/mL with 84% and Plantago lanceolata L. 65%. For antioxidant studies, Plantago lanceolata L. plant extract and CuNPs were calculated as 294.2691±79.13 for Plantago lanceolata L. at 1 mg/mL concentration. The total phenolic content for CuNPs was calculated as 23.015±61.12. In determining the total flavonoid content, the total flavonoid content of Plantago lanceolata L. was calculated as 1772.00 ±200.14. The total flavonoid content for CuNPs was calculated as 1015,333±200.12. Total antioxidant activity for Plantago lanceolata L. and CuNPs was calculated as 29794.67±190.07 and 8304.6±150.04, respectively. DPPH scavenging activity of DPPH radical scavenging activity, synthetic antioxidant BHA, Plantago lanceolata L. plant extract and CuNPs at 1000 µg/mL concentration were 69.8956±0.5836%, 78.8612±0.6511%, respectively 89.7905±0.2137% was calculated. The metal chelating activity of EDTA, which was used as the control group, was calculated as 98.7600±0.9601%. The metal chelating activity of Plantago lanceolata L. plant extract was calculated as 13.526±0.9755%. The metal chelating activity of CuNPs was calculated as 74.3961±0.7889%. The metal chelating activity is EDTA > CuNPs > Plantago lanceolata L., respectively.Keywords: Copper Nanoparticle, Green Synthesis, Water Removal, Methylene Blue, Congo Red, Plantago lanceolata L., Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antimicrobial