Comparative studies and analysis of anti-immigration policies via public opinions, political parties and its subsequent prognosis: Case studies: Italy, Germany, Canada and Australia

During the last decades, immigration intolerance has grown over the globe, particularly inside the EU countries. Commonly the United States and other Western countries are opposed to the government adopted anti-immigrant legislation and measures. Also, the Gallup Migrant acceptance Index shows that the tolerance of migrants has decreased worldwide between 2016 and 2019. For instance, the global average score declined from 5.34 in 2016 to 5.21 in 2019 whereas Belgium and Switzerland recorded the sharpest decline in intolerant attitudes. Belgium as the home of the European Parliament recorded a decline of 1.33 points. Moreover, to the Gallup data reveal that Türkiye hosts around 4 million refugees, as part of a deal with the European Union, but the country is the tenth least accepting country for migrant. In this context, the current study aims are to show the rise in anti-immigration policies across the European Union and compare these changes to those of other regions (non-EU). Inductive analysis used for some case studies to investigate the reasons for these sentiments. Online questionnaires, and secondary data were used to empirically portray the hypotheses on a rise in anti-immigration through analysis of public opinions, the rise in far-right parties, and a prognosis of the future. The results of the study show that Germans appeared the most resistant compared to other European states such as Italy, which has a better acceptance rate and immigration policies towards immigrants; out of 200000 applicants it had only accepted less than 39000 while Italy accepted 7193 applications out of over 76000 applicants. Data from Australia's application acceptance rate was acceptance of only 3277 applicants out of 19,148 applications while Canada- the most accepting, with 27282 acceptances with over 11000 reviews out of its 94246 applications during the 2022 world data collection. Empirically results showed that Canada had the most favorable immigration policies with the acceptance rate of 68.5% followed by Germany with 45%, making Australia and Italy the least favorable with 20.5% and 16% respectively. States with favorable policies and acceptance have seen reasonable growth economically as it has had less use of anti-immigration sentiments as a reason to get power.