Hydraulic and economic design of drip irrigation submain units

It becomes necessary to develop new approaches for water rationalization, especially in arid regions such as the Middle East countries, with the changes in natural conditions and global warming as well as the global shortage of freshwater due to the increasing demand. Water demand for irrigation can consist of % 75 of the total amount of water required in these countries. Used to convey, distribute, and apply water to agricultural fields, canal networks have been the most popular method used for years. However, irrigation canals may be the cheapest at their initial cost, but this type of open surface irrigation is no longer doing well with the current plight of water scarcity. This may be due to significant waste in the water due to evaporation, leakage, and leakage losses. Therefore, the use of closed piping systems for water transport, distribution, and irrigation can be an important practice, or at least reducing water waste. Drip irrigation systems are low-pressure systems that apply water slowly and directly to the root area. The design of drip irrigation systems is considered a crucial process for improving irrigation application efficiency, emission uniformity, and economic return on the production process. Therefore, the optimum design of drip irrigation is one that takes into account the achievable hydraulic emission uniformity and total annual cost. Keywords: Hydraulic Emission Uniformity, Total Annual Cost, Drip Irrigation