Elma, nar ve portakal yan ürünlerinden pektin ekstraksiyonu için proses simülasyonu

In this thesis, pectin production by citric acid extraction from apple pomace, pomegranate peel and orange peel by-products, as well as production optimization and process simulation, were studied. In the first stage, a Box-Behnken experimental design with 17 runs was established using pH, temperature, and extraction time as factors, and the results were modeled and optimized to achieve the highest pectin yield. In the second stage, Simplex Lattice and Box-Behnken designs were applied with the SuperPro Designer program to investigate the effects of raw material composition and operational parameters on Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Unit Production Cost (UPC), Payback Time (PBT), and Yield. Using orange peel, the extraction process was optimized by achieving the highest pectin yield of 25.75% in 3 h with citric acid solution at pH 1.1 and 90 °C. In the Simplex Lattice design, soluble sugar content was identified as the most effective factor, achieving IRR of 52.25%, Yield of 876,207 kg MP/y, UPC of $32.94/kg MP, and PBT of 2.60 years. In operational parameter optimization, with Q–9.999 MT/h capacity and 180 operating days per year, IRR of 125.14%, Yield of 2,101,198 kg MP/y, UPC of $30.78/kg MP, and PBT of 2.08 years were obtained. Raw material quantity was found to be the most critical factor.