Porous dental implant design with different lattice structures and investigation of biomechanical behaviors by finite element method

Nowadays use of implants and prostheses instead of missing tissues and organs in the body is quite common. In this manner, implants placed in the body are supposed to work in accordance with the body in terms of material and mechanic. In recent years, the use of porous structures in implant designs has been a very popular subject in the literature. In this study, 'Primitive Schwarz (P)', 'Gyroid (G)' and 'Diamond (D)' lattice structures were designed with 50, 65 and 80 % porosity with 0.5 mm of cell size. Additionally, monoblock dental implant models are designed with 50, 65 and 80 % porous lattice structures and 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mm diameter cores, as well as coreless. Intraosseous implant assembly models containing cortical and trabecular bone components along with porous dental implant models were obtained using SolidWorks 2021 software. Finite element analysis of the obtained intraosseous implant assembly models with different lattice structures, solid implant assembly model and unit lattice structures were performed with Ansys Workbench software. With the increase in porosity, a decrease of up to 84 % in the effective elastic modulus of lattice structures was observed. P lattice structure exhibited more rigid behavior compared to other lattice structure models. In G80_0,0, G80_0,4, P80_0,0, and P80_0,4 implant models, it has been observed that bone atphoria and resorption mechanisms do not occur due to loading. Trabecular bone with P80_0,4 implant exhibited the lowest von-Mises stress, deformation and strain behavior. However, considering that the cores added to the implant models increase the resistance against bending and make the implant more rigid, the P80_0,4 implant model has been determined as the most suitable implant model that can be used in bone replacements.