Effects of flupyradifurone induced oxidative stress in greater wax moth

In the presented study, the effects of Flupyradifurone (FLU), a novel butenoid insecticide used in Galleria mellonella larvae, on the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, carbohydrate, lipid were investigated. The aim was to determine how chemical and physiological processes in the targeted organism for pest control were affected. Different concentrations of Flupyradifurone (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 µg/ml) were injected into insects in the final larval stage. The insects were weighed at specific intervals (4 and 24 hours) and stored at -80°C until biochemical analyses were performed. Upon examining the data from four hours, SOD activity decreased in all applied doses compared to the control group. In the 24-hour data, SOD activity increased in groups treated with 10, 25, 50, and 75 µg/ml of flupyradifurone. When the four hour and twenty-four hour CAT data were examined, no significant difference was found among the administered doses. MDA levels increased in all applied doses when examining the four hour data. The analyses conducted show that the antioxidant defense mechanisms of G. mellonella larvae are activated, ROS homeostasis is disrupted, and it leads to lipid peroxidation.The findings deepen our understanding of the antioxidant stress response and detoxification mechanisms exhibited by larvae against FLU, emphasizing the importance of future non-target toxicity research.