Phytochemical analysis and determination of antioxidant activities of cherry gene sources in Giresun and its surroundings

Sweet cherry (Cerasus avium (L.) Moench) which is one of the most consumed fruit in our country is also one of the most exported products agriculturally in Turkey. In this study, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of 13 sweet cherry fruits (Regina, A8, T4, T2, GM5, Sweetheart, E5, A1, GM4, 1-1, Ş2, GM6, GM11) grown in Karadeniz Agricultural Research Institute were compared according to three extraction methods (conventional, ultrasonic assisted and microwave assisted). According to the obtained results; total phenol content between 0,808-9,850 mg gallic acid/g fresh weight, total flavonoid content ranged from 0,664-2,825 mg catechin/g fresh weight were observed, while total anthocyanin content between 0,008-1,207 mg cyanidin-3-sophoroside/g fresh weight was determined. In antioxidant test results, CUPRAC 0,853-10,623; CERAC 1,535-16,729; FRAP 0,981-10,362; DPPH 9,081-16,337 and ABTS 0,228-10,327 mg troloks/g fresh weight amounts were obtained. In the HPTLC-DPPH experiment, the most important antioxidant substances in cherry were determined to be anthocyanin class substances (especially cyanidin-3-rutinoside), rutin and hydroxycinnamic acid class substances (chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and p-coumaroylquinic acid). Among the examined cultivars; chlorogenic acid (0.62 mg / 100 g), catechin (0.11 mg / 100 g) and rutin (0.59 mg / 100 g) were determined to be the most intense phytochemicals accoding to LC-MS/MS results. As a result, T2 and E5 cherries were observed give better result compared to other cultivars. Extraction methods were also compared, consequently while there is no statistical differences between them, it has been observed that ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction methods are more advantageous than conventional extraction method in terms of extraction time.