Competency and performance in air traffic control

Competency for air traffic controllers refers to their ability to successfully perform their duties, while performance represents the tangible results of these capabilities. It is crucial to investigate the extent to which performance, impacted by numerous variables, is influenced by competency. The aim of the study was to examine the differences in perceptions of competency and performance and to determine the impact of competency on performance along with its sub-factors in air traffic control. The sample of the study consisted of 527 air traffic controllers in Türkiye. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Initially, the validity and reliability of the Air Traffic Control Competency Scale (ATCCS), developed to measure competency perception, were established. Subsequently, perceptions of performance were measured alongside perceptions of competency. As a result of the analyses, it was concluded that the 0-5 years experience group is perceived to have high competency (=4,5379) and performance (=4,3418), with no differentiation in perceptions based on on-the-job training instructor and units. It was further observed that 60,3% of the variation in performance is attributed to the competency variable (r=0,777; β=0,796), with a positive and significant interaction among sub-factors in air traffic control. The differentiation in experience groups was evaluated to be linked to the high dedication and motivation of new air traffic controllers to their tasks and the initial and unit training processes, which encompass intense assessment procedures, at the beginning. It is recommended that future research focus more extensively on individual differences and technology-centered competency and performance programs with mediating variables to improve competency and performance in air traffic control.