Improving thermal and electricitygeneration performance of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T)systems using hybrid nanofluid

Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) systems provide hot fluid (usually water) production as well as electrical energy production. The electricity production performance of PV systems is increased by eliminating overheating of PV systems with the added thermal system. Nanofluids are offered as a solution to increase the heat absorbed in the thermal system. The main physical events that lead to a significant improvement in the heat transfer performance of nanofluids can be summarized as follows: (i) High thermal conductivity of nanofluids, (ii) Increasing the heat transfer surface area of the particles in the fluid, (iii) Increasing the specific thermal capacity of the nanofluid, (iv) Increased turbulent volume fraction due to high fluid activity. In this study, nanofluids obtained by adding certain weight ratios of Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and NiFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles to water, one of the basic fluids, increase the thermal heat transfer of the PV/T system, providing further cooling of the PV system, thus increasing both the electricity production performance and the temperature of the hot fluid obtained by increasing the temperature of the system. thermal performance has been improved. In the experimental study, a 14% improvement in electricity production was achieved with NiFe2O4 nanofluid in PV panels. Since the amount of heat absorbed in the thermal system is high, an average 104% increase in temperature (∆T) was obtained in the hot fluid temperature of NiFe2O4 nanofluid compared to the base fluid water. In addition, if the nanofluid obtained by obtaining 0.5% Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the base fluid water is used, improvements reaching an average of 80% in the electrical and thermal efficiency of the PV panel have been achieved.