The First Crusade

First Crusade, which is our thesis topic, took place between 1096 and 1099. The First Crusade was organized due to the political, economic and social problems that Europe and Byzantine were in. The army, acting with the slogan of saving Jerusalem from the hands of the Muslims, established their own statism in the east. Both their attitude towards Byzantium and their desire to gain land in the east reveal that they are not just for the sake of a religious purpose. After Pope Second Urbanus's concile in Clemont, the crusaders group of Pierre L'Hermit and those who accumulate around him set off without waiting for their departure dates. They have demonstrated their looters on European soil. The fact that most of the Counts, which led to the main army, dreamed of establishing a kingdom in the east, at least showed their intention. First Alexios was worried about the great armies with famous Counts, instead of the soldiers who would help him. Therefore, it was ensured that the Crusaders came to Anatolia immediately. Pierre L'Hermit's first attack, which we will call as the leading unit, attacked Iznik without waiting for the main army, resulted in defeat. This situation caused the First Kilij Arslan to underestimate the Crusaders. When the main army came to Anatolia, he defeated First Kilij Arslan in Iznik and Eskişehir and continued his marches towards Antioch. Baudouin, who left the main army on the way, established his First Crusader County in Edessa. After the siege of Antioch, the Mosul Emir Kerbogha, who was sent against the Crusaders, could not intervene in time and the Princeps of Antioch was established. The army advancing to Jerusalem, the main target, carried out massacres in various cities. Jerusalem under Fatimi was unable to resist the Crusaders. Crusaders did not hesitate to exhibit brutality in Jerusalem. Thus, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was established. As a result of the first crusade, three statists were established between 1096 and 1099. These are the Princeps of Antioch, County of Edessa and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Keywords: Crusaders, Jerusalem, I. Alexios, Pope II. Urbanus, Pierre L'Hermit.