The Period of Abdulhamid II. Shi'ism

Throughout history, people have been clustered within the framework of different ideas and different ideals. This cluster has emerged not only in the form of ideas and ideals, but also in the form of religion or sects. The whole process of formation is based on different ideals and ideas and affects the clustered people around it. One of them is Sunnism, which constitutes the majority of the population in the Islamic world, the other is Shi'ism. Shi'ism, clustered around an idea, continued to flow through history and remained alive to the present day. The Shiites, who established their first state in the 8th century, preferred to become Ottoman citizens by the establishment of the Ottoman Empire. However, the restructuring of the state order in the period of Fatih disturbed the mass of people under the Turkmen Alevi identity. During the Bayezid II. period, the Turkmen Alevi population preferred to move to Shah Ismail because of the complexity of the state. After this date, historians interpreted the relations between Shiite and Sunni in the context of Ottoman-Iranian relations. This transformation which started with the period of Yavuz continued after that. Finally, During the reign of Abdülhamit II, it was discussed not only in the Ottoman-Iranian relations but also in the context of the İttihad-ı Islam project. In fact, this project first began in Nadir Shah period in the first half of the 18th century. However, Nadir Shah's project of Islamic unity was mostly aimed at turning Shiite-Jafarism into the fifth order of Sunni. In this study, we tried to convey not only the historical dimension of the event but also the sociological, economic and physical background of the events. In our research, we tried to enrich the subject by presenting the resources available in addition to the archive resources.