A comparison of two different fixed retainer wires in terms of stability and periodontal health

This study was conducted to compare the effects of different fixed retention appliances on stability and periodontal tissues, particularly in the mandibular anterior region, where the relapse is more commonly observed, and to contribute to the literature. A total of 40 individuals who received treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Trakya University were included in this study. Two types of retainers were applied by the same clinician: 0.0215-inch multistrand stainless steel retainer wire (G&H Orthodontics, Franklin, ABD) (20 individuals) and 0.0195-inch multistrand dead soft retainer wire (Respond;Ormco, 1332 South Lone Hill Avenue, Glendora, CA) (20 individuals). The individuals were randomly assigned to groups. To compare stability, plaster model records were obtained from the individuals at five time points: before treatment (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), three months post-treatment (T2), six months post-treatment (T3), and one year post-treatment (T4). Measurements of intercanine distance, Little's irregularity index, and arch length were taken from these records. The model measurements were digitally performed by the same clinician using the Orthomodel software. For periodontal evaluation, measurements were taken during routine examinations at retention phase control sessions (T1, T2, T3, T4). Gingival index, plaque index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index scores on the retainer were recorded. When examining the effects of the two retainer groups on periodontal tissues, no adverse effects were observed, and the use of retainers was found to be safe in individuals who could maintain their own oral hygiene. In terms of stability, a statistically significant higher relapse was observed in the 0.0195-inch dead soft retainer group over the one-year period regarding mandibular arch irregularity. Although no significant differences were observed clinically or in terms of patient satisfaction, further comparative studies on stability are needed. Keywords: Mandibular anterior, periodontal tissues, relapse, stability