Irak'ta finansak kapsayıcılık ve sürdürülebilir kalkınma ilişkisinde finansal okuryazarlığın etkisi ve sosyal sermayenin rolü

This study investigates the interplay between financial inclusion (FI), financial literacy (FL), social capital (SC), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, with a specific focus on the provinces of Erbil, Duhok, and Sulaymaniyah. Based on survey data from 650 respondents across these three cities and analyzed using Hayes' PROCESS macro, the findings demonstrate that financial inclusion has a significant direct positive effect on sustainable development (β = 0.44, p < 0.001). Additionally, the findings indicate that financial literacy functions as a partial mediator in the relationship between financial inclusion and sustainable development. Social capital acts as a positive moderator, strengthening the direct FI-SDGs link. The findings underscore that the developmental influence of financial inclusion is enhanced when individuals are financially literate and embedded in strong social networks. The study provides a critical evidence base for policymakers to design integrated strategies that simultaneously