Development of blood determination and artificial blood components

Surgical operations leading to high blood loss, emergency cases requiring blood transfusion and hemolytic reactions during transfusion, loss of time caused by pairing process, the need for oxygen-carrier blood substitute due to the risk of transmission of viral diseases have increased greatly as of the last world war. Studies on blood substitution with oxygen-carrying, intended to be used for the purpose of meeting the blood need for epidemics, natural and man-made destructions, have recently formed another biotechnology research area. In this study, hemoglobin encapsulated liposome which is intended to be used as oxygen-carrying blood substitution has been developed. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria), which are used as antioxidants, have encapsulated into the liposome in order to prevent hemoglobin being oxidized over time and converted to methemoglobin (metHb). Characterization process has performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Zetasizer for size analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy to determine the encapsulation efficiency. As a result, hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying blood substitution, non-toxic and non-antigenic, has been developed as a nano-carrier system that can maintain its stability for a long time. In the second stage of the study, a new generation and rapid diagnosis method was developed based on the liquid crystal and the yes / no principle which can be used as an alternative in blood group determination. (4'-cyano- [1,1'-biphenyl] -4-yl) boronic acid was synthesized and characterized by NMR. Due to the high affinity of boronic acid to glucose, boronic acid is interacted with glucose in the structure of antibodies. When antibodies with nematic properties were interacted by blood antigen, the difference in liquid crystal orientation was observed under polarized light microscope. Keywords: Liposome, Hemoglobin, Nanoceria, metHb, Liquid crystal