The research of the urban courtyards with changing meanings and forms

Urban courtyards exists on the stage of history as spaces which communities needed since the beginning of human history. This spaces, carrying social, physical, cultural and ethnic features? traces of societies, determined as an important issue in the intersection between urban design and architecture.The usage types of urban courtyards by communities, the interaction of this spaces by people, the changing and evolving meanings between cultures and by time, and the influence of physical criterias on users are considered as problem area in the study.In the first part; with a general look at urban courtyards, the aim and the scope of the study is determined.In the second part; basic concepts related to urban courtyards, the literature and research examples about examining urban courtyards in historical process, and the defining of literature studies about social-aesthetic and physical qualities of urban courtyards are determined.In the third part; the defining of common samples and typologies about urban courtyards and the analytic studies and assessments depending on physical qualities and effective space components of selected examples are found.In the fourth part; results and suggestions about the subject are found according to the all surveys and assessments.