Allyl (2-phenyl)ethyl ether synthesis by phase transfer catalyzed o-allylation of 2-phenylethanol using quaternary ammonium-type gemini surfactants

The phase transfer catalysts frequently used in organic synthesis are quaternary ammonium salts, of which tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) is the most preferred. TBAB is a monomeric quaternary ammonium compound. In recent years, it has been determined that dimeric quaternary ammonium compounds (also known as gemini surfactants) have superior surface active properties compared to monomeric ones, and these compounds have attracted the attention of researchers. Numerous studies have been conducted on these compounds, examining their surfactant properties such as foaming, solubilization, micellization. Gemini surfactants can also be used as phase transfer catalysts in organic synthesis. Among these studies, there are limited studies on the use of gemini surfactants as phase transfer catalysts. Phase transfer catalysts are chemical agents that enable the interaction of reagents that do not dissolve in the same phase but can dissolve in different phases. They perform chemical reactions with high yields and provide the formation of more pure products. Thus, they facilitate the purification step and ensure that less solvent is used. In addition, they also make shorter reaction times. With these features, phase transfer catalysts attract attention day by day and new phase transfer catalysts are tried to be developed. Due to the increasing environmental problems, scientists are researching the development of chemicals and methods that are more harmless to the environment and human health. These studies aim to reduce waste and solvent consumption, to abandon harmful methods and chemicals, to develop new environmentally friendly methods, to use energy effectively by minimizing energy consumption, and to popularize procedures using natural raw materials, and all of these studies are called "Green Chemistry". Phase transfer catalyzed syntheses enter the field of study of green chemistry, and with this method, organic syntheses are planned in less and less harmless solvents, yielding higher efficiency, more selective and more pure products, and allowing the recovery of the solvent. In this thesis, dimeric quaternary ammonium compounds will be synthesized and the phase transfer catalyst behavior of these compounds in the O-allylation of 2-Phenylethanol will be investigated. The yields obtained in the O-allylation reactions performed in the presence of these compounds will be compared with the yields obtained from the TBAB-catalyzed reactions and the catalytic properties of dimeric quaternary ammonium compounds will be determined.