Mechanism of boron derivatives for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma

Renal cancers are approximately two per cent of all cancer types worldwide and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most prevalent type of kidney cancer seen at a rate of 90 per cent in the world. Although there are number of different methods are used to fight with RCC including surgical, chemotherapeutic and radiotheraeutic approaches, because of its drug resistance and highly metastatic capability, these techniques are generally ineffective. In recent years, boron derivatives have been started to use as a targeted drug for cancer cells. Bortezomib is first and well known proteosome inhibitor that is used for different cancer types such as mantle cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Although, it is very efficient drug, it has number of side effects. Therefore, development of new boron derivatives other than bortezomib to use in targeted therapy and deciphering their effect mechanism on cancer cells is very important. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of boron derivatives such as sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB), boric acid (BA) and bortezomib (B) in cell proliferation, cell migration and cell death in primary A-498, metastatic ACHN RCC cell lines and RPTEC normal renal cell line as an in vitro model were used. Our results demonstrated that NaB and BA could be a safer and efficient targeted therapeutic on renal cancer cells instead of B. Additionally, our results were the first findings and evidences about the mechanism of boron derivatives on cell proliferation, cell migration and cell death on ACHN, A498 and RPTEC cell lines.