Evaluation of Islamic law of obligations in the context of the müdâyene verse

Man is in need of other people as a social being. Human beings meet these needs by establishing contracts with other people. While people provide some of their needs by producing them themselves, they also provide some of them by shopping from other people. Therefore, the importance of commercial relations between people is increasing day by day. Commercial relations directly or indirectly affect people's social relations. Some rules are needed especially for these relations to be written in order to continue in a fair, happy and peaceful manner. These rules are determined by customary systems as well as belief systems. In this context, the Holy Quran has been a rule-making factor to facilitate the social lives of people. In this study, Islamic Law of Obligations is examined in the context of Surat al-Baqara 282. In this study, it is aimed to help eliminate the problems that may occur in commercial relations which are indispensable for human life. Our study has been evaluated in this context by considering the issues mentioned in the verse while evaluating the law of Islamic obligations. In this study, opinions of the commentators by using the works of early Islamic jurists and contemporary Islamic jurists are given. Our study consists of three parts. In the first chapter, after the analysis of the verse, the legal terms and the subjects in the verse are explained in the articles and the clerk, witness and the notary public who made the shopping contract and approved this contract are explained. In the second part, the contracts that are important for our study, the situations that are contrary to the principle of honesty and the conditions under which the debt will end are explained. In the third part, the current practices regarding the guarantee of debts have been evaluated and our study has been concluded with the conclusion section.