Poetic Forms in the poetry of Muhammad al-Fayturi

This study examines the life of Sudanese poet Muhammad al-Fayturi, one of the contemporary poets, and the diversity of his poetry in the context of literary movements. al-Fayturi's poems are primarily shaped around issues such as freedom, colonialism, skin color, slavery, alienation, loneliness, sorrow, longing for homeland, and women. His poetic journey, influenced by elements different from traditional Arab culture, is evaluated within a broad spectrum extending from Romanticism to Realism, and from Symbolism to Surrealism. The Romantic movement, with its emphasis on love and passion, occupies a prominent place in al-Fayturi's poetry. Through these themes, he invited his country and its people to embrace love and solidarity. Influenced by the Realist movement, al-Fayturi depicted Africa's painful realities and the discrimination and exploitation inflicted upon his people by colonizers. In these works, he vividly portrayed the suffering of black Africa, the injustices, and the oppression faced by his people in the face of white superiority claims. In Symbolist poetry, al-Fayturi expressed the anguish and political oppression experienced by using various symbols. This approach allowed him to articulate truths indirectly, especially in the face of political pressures and the suppression of critical thought. Terms such as "the black man" in his poetry symbolize Africa, while religious figures represent the shared values of humanity. Furthermore, he frequently utilized revolutionary figures like Nelson Mandela and Salahaddin al-Ayyubi as symbolic representations of his ideas of liberation. In terms of language, al-Fayturi's poetry combines traditional and modern elements, characterized by carefully chosen words that serve his poetic purpose. His poems reflect his deep attachment to the Arab world and the African continent, blended with the influence of Islamic culture. By incorporating verses from the Qur'an in his poetry, he demonstrated his steadfast connection to Islamic heritage.