Understanding of privileges in the Ottoman Empire and the foundation of the Ottoman Bank

When we look at the economic history of the Ottoman Empire, it is possible to see that economic and political privileges, called privileges, were granted to foreign states, individuals and institutions many times. The subject of this study is to examine the basic economic principles applied since the foundation of the Ottoman Empire, the effects of these privileges obtained by the western states with the influence of non-Muslim merchants, moneychangers and diplomacy within the Ottoman society, on the economic life of the Ottoman Empire and economic events. In the first part, in order to provide a better understanding of the subject, the main reasons that enable foreigners to obtain privileges will be tried to be revealed. In the second part, the establishment of the Ottoman Bank, which was the longest-lasting concession institution as a result of the borrowing and financing needs of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, the effects of this bank on the Ottoman Empire, and the relations between the state administration and foreign capital groups will be explained. In the third part, the burden that the privileges and capitulations caused by the end of the Ottoman Empire and the newly established Republic of Turkey, the termination of the privileges and capitulations, the activities of the Ottoman Bank in the Republic period and the end of the bank's activities in the recent past will be explained. As a result, by examining the research and documents obtained on the subject, the causes and consequences of the privileges and the economic developments created by the Ottoman Bank, which was a privilege, on both the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey will be tried to be revealed.