Reform movements in the gendarmerie during the reign of Ottoman empire and the early stages of Turkish Republic

ABSTRACTREFORM MOVEMENTS IN THE GENDARMERIE DURING THE REIGN OFOTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE EARLY STAGES OF TURKISH REPUBLICCavit İPEKHistory Education BranchAfyon Kocatepe University Social Science InstituteApril 2006Advisor: Prof. Dr. Adnan ŞİŞMANThe history of modern law enforcement goes back to the establishment of LawEnforcement Undersecretariat in the 6th February 1846. Public order services, having beenmanaged by one institution until the 3rd December 1879, had been sustained by twoinstitutions after that time, which were Gendarmerie Department and Law EnforcementDepartment.Even though some measures were taken by the administration in order to preventproblems emerging while carrying out public order services, they had never been enough; andaccording to the Article 23 of Berlin Treaty, reform movements had been performed in thelead of foreign officers and the foreign countries? control, in Macedonia, between the years1904 and 1908.Despite the goodwill of Ottoman Empire, the reform process, which was intended tobe carried out in Eastern Anatolia according to the Article 61 of Berlin Treaty, could not befully put in force because it did not meet the expectations of foreign countries. In 1912,Gendarmerie Regional Commands were established in six provinces. After that time, reformmovements, led by foreign officers invited by The Empire for a period, had continued until1929.