The design, synthesis and characterization of chemiluminescent reagents as palladium (Pd) probe

In recent years, the development of optical probes to analyse palladium ions has attracted great attention since residual palladium ions may cause potential health hazards. In addition, palladium is also exploited as catalyst in many cross-coupling reactions such as Buchwald-Hartwig, Heck, Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyura, leading to the formation of difficult bonds for the synthesis of complex molecules involving many clinical drugs. Fruitful use of Pd-catalysed reactions in pharmaceutical industry increases the risk of Pd-contamination in active pharmaceutical ingredients because a high level of residual palladium is often found in final products despite rigorous purification steps and thus, it can cause harm to human body. For these reasons, it is quite important for the development of probes based on chemiluminescence (CL). In this work, we wanted to design two different 1,2-Dioxetane derivatives by incorporating propargyl ether and allyl ester moieties which are expected to luminescence via two different palladium catalysed reactions.