Performance comparison of PEGASIS, HEED, and LEACH protocols in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of the most emerging and fastest growing fields in the scientific world. WSN has investigated different application regions as of late, including home computerization, climate checking, target following, pipeline (water, oil, gas) observing, underlying wellbeing observing, accuracy horticulture, medical services checking, store network the executives, dynamic spring of gushing lava observing, transportation, and underground mining (IoT). The most widely recognized requirement related with sensor network configuration is that sensor hubs have restricted energy spending plans. Typically, the limited battery power of a sensor node becomes a critical issue when it is not possible to replace or recharge its battery. The efficient use of energy source in a sensor node is a desirable criterion for scalability and prolonging the lifetime of WSN. Therefore, designing an efficient routing protocol for reducing energy consumption is one of the important issues in the network. A large number of routing protocols has been proposed in the last few decades. Some of the most popular and energy efficient routing protocols are hierarchical routing protocols like LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), PEGASIS (Power Efficient GAthering in Sensor Information Systems), and HEED (Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed clustering protocol). In this thesis, various hierarchical routing protocols are studied for their pros and cons. Subsequently, we have selected LEACH, HEED, and PEGASIS routing protocols, based on their usefulness and have done a comparative study among them. Finally, a comparative study on the selected protocols is done based on several metrics such as: energy consumption, stability period, scalability and network lifetime through simulations of these routing protocols in MATLAB on various simulation parameters and different simulation environments.