Methods used in the detection and decontamination of protection agents from CBRN agents specific to radioactive and nuclear agents

The term CBRN is derived from the initials of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear word group. It refers to the harmful and dangerous situations for the environment and human health, caused by the accidental or deliberate release of chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear materials. In case of CBRN threat, despite the precautions taken, it will be necessary to be protected from, to detect and to decontaminate these agents. Decontamination is the purification of living and inanimate objects from CBRN agents. In the decontamination process, CBRN agents are absorbed, destroyed or neutralized to make them harmless to the person and the environment. It is possible to classify the decontamination of radiological and nuclear agents as chemical decontamination, mechanical decontamination, electrochemical decontamination and decontamination of persons. It is an accepted reality that CBRN agents have negative effects on the environment and living things. Even if an agent dispersed in the environment is rendered harmless to humans by various measures, its effects on the environment continue for much longer periods. At this point, the importance of decontamination emerges. It is not possible to talk about a single decontamination method that can be applied in all situations and for all types of contamination. Because the nature and extent of contamination is different in each case. The factors formed by the combination of more than one factor are effective on selection of the decontamination methods to be used in case of a possible contamination.