Evaluation of fluid electrolyte and acid-base changes due to seasonality and dietary intake in patients undergoing routine hemodialysis

Progressive loss of renal function in individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) causes multiple electrolyte disorders. Seasonal changes have a wide impact on human physiology and determine dietary behavior. It is known that there are dietary changes on special days that are widely celebrated in society. Physiological changes due to seasons and differences in dietary intake may affect acid-base and electrolyte balance in individuals with ESRD. In our study, the one-year data of patients who received routine hemodialysis three days a week in four distinct hemodialysis units in Eskişehir for 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 35 parameters (hematological, biochemical and clinical parameters) of 168 patients were evaluated. The relationship between parameters and months, seasons and special days (religious holidays and New Year's Day) was analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. Dialysis entry potassium was highest in July (5,342 ± 0,054 mEq/L). Patients with dialysis entry potassium values of 5,5 mEq/L and above were found in the highest number and rate in July (n=68, 40.5%). It was observed that the phosphorus values were highest in January (4,875 ± 0,087 mg/dL). Patients with a phosphorus level of 5.5 mEq/L and above had the highest number and rate in February (n=51, 30.4%). The least weight gain was detected in August (2,08 ± 0,083 kg). No seasonal difference was observed between bicarbonate values (p>0.05). Electrolyte and acid-base disorders can have vital effects in individuals with ESRD. For this reason, it is necessary to review the potassium and phosphorus-lowering medical treatment options of patients in different seasons and on special days such as holidays and New Year's Day.