Investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidative synergistic effects of black garlic with thyme on pneumonia pathogenic bacteria

In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidative synergistic effects of black garlic and thyme on pneumonia pathogenic bacteria were investigated. In our study, agar well diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were performed to determine the antimicrobial activities of water and ethyl alcohol extracts. In this way, total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, CUPRAC (Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), FRAP-(Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) were determined. Staphylococcus aureus (34.64 mm zone diameter) was the bacteria in which white garlic (WG) showed the highest effect in water extract (WE) in the agar well diffusion test, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.48 mm zone diameter) had the highest effect in bacteria applied WG ethyl alcohol extract (EE) has been found. While black garlic water extract (BGWE) was effective only on Staphylococcus aureus (9.44 mm zone diameter) in bacteria applied, it was determined that black garlic ethyl alcohol extract (BGEE) was the most effective bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.17 mm zone diameter range). The most effective bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.50 mm zone diameter), while water extract (TWE) of thyme was most effective, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.62 mm zone diameter) was determined to be the most effective bacterium by ethyl alcohol extract (TEE). While the bacteria that WG+TWE was most effective was Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.34mm zone diameter), the bacteria that WG+TEE (23.79mm zone diameter) was most effective was again Klebsiella pneumoniae. While BG+TWE was effective only against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (8.52 mm zone diameter), the bacteria that BG+TEE was most effective was Acinetobacter baumannii (38.50 mm zone diameter). According to MBC test data, WGWE (0.012 mg/mL) was effective in all bacterial isolates, while Staphylococcus aureus (0.094 mg/mL) was found to be the most effective bacteria for MIC test. While MBC test was effective on all bacteria except WGEE (0.012 mg/mL) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus information was obtained for which MIC WGEE (0.023 mg/mL) was the most effective. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most effective bacteria in MBC test in BGWE (0.188 mg/mL), it only affected Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in MIC BGWE (0.750 mg/mL). While BGEE (0.012 mg/mL) of the MBC test was effective in all bacterial isolates, the bacteria that MIC BGEE (0.047 mg/mL) was most effective was found to be Staphylococcus aureus. While the bacteria that the MBC test was most effective in TWE (0.375 mg/mL) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, MIC TEE was not found to be effective in any bacterial isolate. While the MBC test was effective in TEE (0.375 mg/mL) in all bacteria, it was found that Staphylococcus aureus was the most effective bacteria in MIC TEE (0.023 mg/mL). While the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most effective in MBC test with WG+TWE (0.012 mg/mL), the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was detected for which MIC WG+TWE (0.375 mg/mL) was the most effective. While the bacteria that MBC test WG+TEE (0.012 mg/mL) is the most effective are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, MIC WG+TEE (0.023 mg/mL) is the most effective bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Staphylococcus aureus was the most effective bacteria in MBC test BG+TWE (0.012 mg/mL), while MIC BG+TWE (0.188 mg/mL) was effective only on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii were found to be the most effective bacteria in MBC test BG+TEE (0.012 mg/mL), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most effective bacteria with MIC BG+TEE (0.023 mg/mL). Among the extracts investigated in biochemical tests, the highest phenolic content values were found to be TWE 1.184 mg GAE/mL, and the highest flavonoid content values were TWE 0.129 mg routine equivalent/mL. In antioxidant tests, the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity values were determined as 0.198 mg Trolox equivalent/mL in the WG+TEE combination, the highest CUPRAC activity values were found to be 4.318 mg Trolox equivalent/mL for TWE and the highest FRAP activity values for TWE were 2.633 mg Trolox equivalent/mL. . As a result of the research, the antimicrobial properties of medicinal plants, whose rich biochemical and antioxidant properties were determined, against pathogen pneumonia isolates were interpreted when used alone or together. It has been concluded that the use of these medicinal plants as a supplement to the drugs used in patients with pneumonia may be beneficial.