Production of biodiesel from tall oil with the help of ethyl alcohol and usage in agriculturalwater engine

The demand for energy in the world is increasing day by day and 85 % of the comsumed energy is obtained from fossil origin energy sources. The search for alternative fuel to fossil fuel has been gained importance due to the reasons such as fossil fuels' damage to the environment, their high cost and the difficulty in obtaining them. One of the fuels that gains importance as an alternative fuel is biodiesel. The tall oil used in this study emerges as waste oil during paper production. This waste oil is separated from each other as resin and fatty acids by distillation method. Methyl ester is produced from the fatty acids obtained and their physical and chemical properties are indicated. TALL-10 and TALL-20 test fuels were obtained by blending the produced tall oil biodiesel with 10 % and 20 % diesel fuel. Test fuels were tested in a single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated and direct injection diesel engine. In the experiments, engine performance and emission values were determined. While decreases in torque and power values of biodiesel-diesel mixtures compared to diesel fuel, specific fuel consumption increased. Biodiesel addition to diesel fuel generally resulted in increases in NOx, O2, CO2 emissions while decreases in CO emissions. In the case of HC emissions, while biodiesel-diesel fuel mixtures decreased at low revs compared to diesel, there were increases at high revs. Exhaust gas temperature increases at high engine speed. It is concluded that the physical and chemical properties of the test fuels are close to the diesel fuel values and can be used as an alternative to diesel fuel in agricultural water engines according to the engine performance and emission results.