Knowledge externalities in Turkish manufacturing ndustry

The instruction for the preparation of the full manuscript is detailed in this template file. The template is intended as a tool to assist you in the layout of your manuscript. It is encouraged that this template can be used for submission of manuscripts. Use of the template will save time during production and expedite publication. In the sequel of technological breakthroughs as advanced in recent years, the notion of mileage have started to eradicate on Earth. Created knowledge and innovations disseminate along distinct people or institutions promptly. Fast paced technological advancements of communication and attaining have brought countries closer so as to transform the world to a, so to say, "global village". In this study, the presence of a limited number of studies on externalities taking place in the Turkish manufacturing industry, the importance of externalities, will be a related topic aimed to generate resources for research. With regard to the test results of GMM estimator, where the tests were conducted separately for each of the sub-sectors of manufacturing industry; MAR, Jacobs, Porter, and III variable might have both positive and negative influences. MAR knowledge externalities (resulting from specialization) were probed to be meaningful in 9 sectors; whereas Jacobs's (resulting from diversity) in 7 sectors, and Porter's (resulting from competition) in 6 sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry. Also, III variable (resulting from innovation) was proved to be meaningful for the 9 sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry.