Biological activities of certain wood decaying mushrooms indigenous to Turkey

The present study aimed to determine the biological activities and chemical compositions of wood destroying Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Fuscoporia torulosa (Pers.) T. Wagner & M. Fisch., Daedalea quercina (L.) Pers., Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst. and Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden mushrooms. For this purpose, ethanol extracts of the mushrooms were obtained. Extract phenolic content and chemical compositions were determined with HPLC and GC-MS device, antioxidant activities were determined with DPPH radical scavenging method, DNA protective activities were determined with pBR322 supercoil DNA, antimicrobial activities were identified with modified agar dilution method, and cytotoxic effects were determined on the A549 cell line, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant levels (TOS) were determined with commercial Rel Assay kits, and Zn, Fe, Ca, Mn, Mg, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni and Co levels were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry. A total of 9 phenolic compounds were identified. Furthermore, 26 chemical compounds were identified in the mushrooms used in the study with GC-MS screening. The highest DPPH antioxidant activity and TAS values were observed in the F. torulosa, the highest TOS value was observed in D. quercina, the highest antimicrobial activity was observed in T. biforme, and the highest cytotoxic effect was determined in F. fomentarius. It was determined that all mushroom ethanol extracts had DNA protective property. It was also found that the elementary content varied among the mushrooms.