The Use of Passive Cooling Strategies to Improve the Thermal Comfort of Mid-rise Contemporary Residential Buildings in Abuja, Nigeria

This research delves into the crucial issue of enhancing thermal comfort in Abuja's residential buildings, while also addressing the pressing energy crisis, need for heightened level of comfort and sustainability in architecture. The central objective of this study was to investigate the use of passive cooling strategies in improving the thermal conditions of residents in Abuja. The research focused on mid-rise residential buildings, examining the feasibility and effectiveness of various passive cooling strategies. Through an in-depth review of existing theoretical data, the administration of questionnaires, and extensive analysis through physical observation of selected mid-rise residential buildings within Abuja. Passive cooling strategies, such as ventilative cooling, nocturnal cooling, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, and earth coupling were reviewed. Specifically, the strategies adopted in the case studies were: Ventilative cooling, through appropriate window sizing, building orientation, form, and courtyard utilization, evaporative cooling, by incorporating green areas and vegetation in outdoor spaces. Lastly, heat gain prevention techniques by implementing appropriate building orientation, form, distribution of indoor spaces, thermal mass, and exterior building surfaces were also implemented. Although, these strategies were considered effective by the occupants, it remains evident that their exclusive use will not suffice to achieve the desired level of comfort in Abuja's houses. Therefore, the adoption of renewable energy sources to power active cooling strategies is recommended. Interestingly, the satisfaction levels of residents which is relatively high, as per the questionnaire, is in contrast with the results obtained from physical observations, highlighting the subjective nature of the questionnaire and thermal comfort within diverse climatic zones and individuals. Despite the significant number of respondents expressing their desire for further implementation of these strategies, the research recommends that professional organizations, such as the Nigerian Institute of Architects (NIA) and the Nigerian Green Building Commission (NGBC), conduct further research, develop building codes and standards, and collaborate with the Federal Housing Authority to ensure the widespread implementation of these sustainable practices, while also raising further awareness of the society on the concept of passive cooling in buildings.