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İran'da kadın hareketi: Reformist dönem ve yeşil hareketin karşılaştırmalı bir çalışması
In this thesis, two periods of Iranian women's movement are examined; the Reform period and the Green Movement. The reason for selecting these two specific period is due to important improvements in liberties that the society experienced during the Reform period and almost the complete opposite situation they experienced with the Ahmadinejad era, the same era that Green Movement took place. Hence, women's experiences in these periods were significant. These periods are examined through themes. In the Reform period's women's movement's characteristics are; fragmentation, pragmatism and multi-strategy. Green Movement's women's movement's characteristics are; diversity, political change, independence, disperse coalition and retreat due to repression. By looking at these two periods through the themes that are established to analyze the unique characteristics of these periods further, it is possible to see that women's movement in Iran is quite active. They have been fighting for gender equality for more than a century. This fact is apparent when looking at these periods comparatively. It is understood that women's movement in these periods, although differed in some aspects, showed similarities with each other.
Bulgaristan ve Gürcistan'ın Müslüman azınlıkları: Pomak ve Acaralıların karşılaştırmalı incelemesi
This thesis analyses the transformation of identities of two religious minorities, Pomaks and Ajarians, located on the opposite sides of the Black Sea region, in Bulgaria and Georgia respectively. Both minorities embraced Islam under the Ottoman rule and encountered difficulties with the growth of ethno-religious nationalism in their respective countries' national ideologies in the post-Ottoman era. The thesis reviews the literature on ethnic and religious nationalism, for the relation between religion and nationalism was intimate in both Bulgaria and Georgia, and religion has been an integral part of national identity as well as the national discourse of these countries, and it collects data through semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted in Bulgaria and Georgia with elites and experts as well as the ordinary members of both Ajarian and Pomak communities. It underscores the intolerance Bulgarians and Georgians, whose faith is not Orthodox Christianity, are subjected to in Orthodox countries like Bulgaria and Georgia, where religion and ethnic and national identity is superposed. That is, it draws attention to the ethno-religious nationalism causing intolerance especially towards minorities who were formerly considered as Orthodox Christians. The findings of the study demonstrate that minorities having more commonalities with the majority yet differences in terms of religious affiliation suffer more.
Afganistan'da eğitimin inşa ettiği millet: Bir millet inşası örneği
The departing point of this thesis is to understand the implications of nation-building as a Western initiative in contemporary Afghanistan in the post-2001 period. Based on this larger question, the thesis investigates the meaning of 'nation' as a concept that is externally introduced to this country. In this framework, the goal of this thesis is to reveal the idea of nation as presented particularly in the discourse of education constructed by the state of Afghanistan. To this end, the thesis employs three major primary resources: (1) official state documents; (2) school textbooks; and (3) expert interviews conducted at the Ministry of Education in Afghanistan. The thesis poses three major research questions on what the content of the idea of nation is; what it tells about the society of Afghanistan; and whether it suggests the modern idea of nation as defined in the West. Pursuing a qualitative research methodology, the thesis interprets the data through several themes that emerge as the constituents of the millat-e Afghanistan ('nation of Afghanistan'). More specifically, the thesis uncovers and examines: (1) three national symbols including the national flag, national anthem and national heroes, as well as national history; (2) four national concepts including national unity, citizenship, national will and national interests; and (3) four major elements of the nation including Islam, qawm, Afghaniyat (Afghanness) and watan (homeland). Findings of this study clearly reveal that the Western-imposed form of nation has a local content in Afghanistan which is a product of its own context.
Çatışmalı bir süreçte devlet olma mücadelesi; Kıbrıs Türk toplumunun siyasal iktisadi analizi
The Cyprus Problem was predominantly studied as a protracted conflict of clashing nationalisms and the TRNC-Turkey relation was depicted as a "dependency relation" that developed between a core and a periphery. This thesis suggests an alternative reading for both issues and analyses their relationship from a critical political economy perspective based on a realist epistemology by using the "dialectical method of inquiry". It considers the Cyprus problem not only as an intercommunal conflict but more pertinently as a statehood struggle that was shaped by, and also shaping in return, the uneven and combined development of capitalism (UCDC) on the island and by the contradictions of capitalism on a regional scale. TC statehood struggle is considered as a constellation of class struggle that was conditioned by cross-cutting and overlapping issues of ethnic cleavages and rising nationalisms and its closely linked to the GC statehood struggle hence they shall be analysed as complementary processes rather than competitive ones vis a vis UCDC on the island. The TC State is depicted as a capitalist social formation that is shaped by the changing relations of production, and the TC State-Turkey relationship is regarded as an "internal relation", whose form and essence are constantly reproduced by hegemonic relations within the power bloc in the north, providing relative autonomy to the TC State vis a vis this bloc. The state and society in Cyprus are undergoing a neoliberal transformation in parallel to the rise of a new form of imperialism in the South Eastern Mediterranean after the 2000s that deepened the divide on the island across hydrocarbon politics.
Sosyal bir kimlik olarak ülke içinde yerinden edilen kişilerin (ÜİYOK'lerin) sosyolojik analizi: Gürcistan ÜİYOK'leri üzerine bir vaka çalışması
This thesis analyzes the social identification process of internally displaced persons (IDPs) of Georgia within the scope of Social Identity Theory of Tajfel and Turner (1978). The study focuses on the influential components of the identity formation process of the Georgian IDPs, who have been displaced through several migration waves in two different periods (early 1990s and 2008) from both Abkhazia and South Ossetia due to ethnic conflicts. In order to analyze IDP's self-identification, the research focuses on two main dimensions. While the first dimension is the external definition of IDP identity by the host community, which stigmatizes it over the course of the post-Soviet period; the second dimension is the self-attributed characteristics (i.e., sedulity, unity, coming from the same region) and perceptions of IDPs on certain concepts (i.e., shared trauma, in-group favoritism, home, homeland and the wish to return) which strengthen and transform IDP identity from a stigmatized pattern towards a positive one. Based on the data collected in Georgia between 2014 and 2017 through in-depth interviews with civil society experts, state officials, politicians, academicians and the IDPs from Abkhazia and South Ossetia, who migrated to Georgia proper in different periods, the self-identification process and behavioral patterns of IDPs, the Georgian social context and IDPs' social interaction with the out-group agencies (host community, state and civil society) are elaborated thoroughly.