Mitraizm, Zerdüştîlik ve Sâbiîlik inançlarının ibadet ve ritüelleri ile Kuzey Irak toplumu üzerindeki etkisi: Karşılaştırmalı analitik bir çalışma / Rituals and worship in Mithraism, Zoroastrianism, and Sabian-mandaeanism and its impact on society in Northern Iraq (Comparitive analytical study)

Mithraism, Zoroastrianism, and Sabian-Mandaean religion are considered Eastern religions, and their common denominator is that they are non-missionary religions. Mithraism and Zoroastrianism are of Eastern (Indo-Persian) origin. Mithraism weakened after the coming of Zoroastrianism, but its impact was not completely erased. As a result of the religious tolerance enjoyed by the kings of Persia, Mithras in Persia sometimes we see him as a follower and at other times we see him as a leader, but he became a major god in the countries of Rome and Greece after their soldiers who entered Persia embraced Mithraism and transferred it to their countries upon their return, and Mithraism remained the approved religion in both Rome and Greece until Christianity came and eliminated them. The Mithraism, although Christianity eliminated them, left a clear impact on them and on other religions. The research also dealt with the Zoroastrian religion and summarized that it believes that there are two forces in the universe that struggle with each other. The force of good, which is represented by Ahromazda, and the force of evil, which is represented by Ahriman. And that it came at the hands of Zoroaster, who fought the Mithraic rituals that were widespread among his people, but they returned after his death. Zoroastrianism influenced other religions just as it Influenced by other religions. The research also addressed the recent spread of Zoroastrianism in northern Iraq and its impact on it through some people (weak-minded) leaving the religion of Islam and entering Zoroastrianism. The research also dealt with the Sabian-Mandaean religion and summarized that it is a religion that believes in the oneness of God, but it shares in His divinity. Its origins go back to Palestine and it settled in Iraq after its followers were subjected to persecution by the Byzantine authority, which made Christianity its official religion. The research also dealt with its influence on other religions, and its Influence on society in northern Iraq. The research also made a comparison between religions and concluded that the religions share some rituals and differ in other rituals. Mithraism differs from the two religions in that it is devoid of some acts of worship such as fasting, which is found among the Mandaean Sabians, and zakat, which is found among the Sabians and Zoroastrianism. It shares with the Mandaic Sabians the sanctification of the planets and constellations, the sanctification of Sunday, and the presence of the crusader (+) sign. As an expression of the four directions, controlling them, and the ritual of baptism, even though the Sabians differed from them in the multiplicity of types of baptism. Mithraism agrees with Zoroastrianism with the ritual of drinking huma, slaughtering the bull, the feast of Nowruz, the sanctification of the sun, and the origin (Indo-Persian). They all agree in that they are devoid of the ritual of Hajj and the presence of a loaf of bread ritual, although the use of each of them differs.