İmam Şirvânî'nin Tuhfetu'l-muhtacşerhindeki fıkhî yaklaşımı

Imam Shurawani is one of the most prominent scholars of the Shafi'i school, and he is widely recognized for his detailed and comprehensive commentary on "Tuhfat al-Muhtaj" by Imam Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, which is one of the most important commentaries on Imam al-Nawawi's "al-Minhaj." The aim of this research is to study Imam Shurawani's methodology in deriving Sharia rulings by analyzing his approach to handling both agreedupon and disputed Sharia evidence, as well as examining his method of presenting legal issues and favoring different opinions. The study adopted an inductive method to examine the legal texts in his commentary, as well as an analytical approach to clarify his style of interpretation and reasoning. In the first chapter, the study discusses the definitions of basic terms such as fiqh and methodology, along with a brief overview of Imam Shurawani and his contributions to the Shafi'i fiqh. This chapter also introduces the book "Tuhfat al-Muhtaj" by Imam Ibn Hajar alHaytami, highlighting its significance in the Shafi'i school and its reliance as a major reference for issuing fatwas in the Islamic world. The chapter demonstrates the importance of Imam Shurawani's commentary on this book, which goes beyond traditional explanations by offering a deep analysis of the legal issues addressed, positioning it as one of the cornerstones of comparative fiqh in his time. The second chapter focuses on Imam Shurawani's method of reasoning with Sharia evidence. It is divided into two main sections: the first section deals with the agreed-upon Sharia evidence such as the Qur'an, the Sunnah, consensus (ijma), and analogy (qiyas), and shows how Imam Shurawani balanced these sources, integrating both textual and rational arguments. The second section addresses disputed evidences, such as istihsan (juridicapreference), masalih mursalah (public interest), and istishab (presumption of continuity). The study highlights Imam Shurawani's ability to provide practical examples and applications that show his flexibility in handling these evidences, such as his interpretation of certain rulings related to financial transactions and conditions. It concludes that Imam Shurawani relied on a precise analysis of these evidences, reflecting his profound understanding of the Sharia texts. In the third chapter, the research examines Imam Shurawani's approach to presenting legal issues and favoring particular opinions. His method is described as objective and impartial, as he presents the views of different jurists supported by evidence and then favors one view based on the strength of the legal argument. Imam Shurawani was keen to explain the reasons for disagreement among scholars, demonstrating his skill in comparative fiqh. The study provides examples from his commentary, such as his explanations of issues related to ritual purity (tahara) and prayer (salat), where he offered detailed interpretations of the differing views within the Shafi'i school. The study concludes that his method of favoring one opinion over another reflects a deep understanding of the Sharia principles, with consideration of achieving the public interest in practical application. The research concludes that Imam Shurawani had a scientific method that combined both traditional and contemporary aspects of Islamic jurisprudence. His commentary on "Tuhfat al-Muhtaj" is not merely an explanation of a legal text but a profound analytical study of legal issues, with comprehensive interpretations of the evidences and a clear exposition of scholarly disagreements, favoring the strongest evidence. This methodology highlights Imam Shurawani's role in advancing Shafi'i fiqh, presenting it in a way that maintains the foundations of Sharia while meeting the practical needs of the time, making his commentary a key reference for comparative fiqh and a valuable resource for researchers and students of Islamic jurisprudence. Keywords: Imam Shurawani, reasoning with Sharia evidence, Shafi'i fiqh, Ibn Hajar al-Haytami, Tuhfat al-Muhtaj.