2-D modeling of compression ignition engine combustion

Internal combustion engines are the cornerstones of our society. They are widely used in a vast range of area from transportation to power generation. Since they are mostly petroleum-powered and emission regulations are getting tighter due to the environmental concerns, ICE research activity is vibrant today. In the present study, a multidimational CFD approach has been used to simulate a CI diesel engine combustion to investigate the effect of injection timing and swirl ratio on combustion and emissions. AVL Fire software has been used for combustion, spray and emission modeling. Within this context, ECFM-3Z, k-ε, Wave break-up, Dukowicz, extended Zeldovich and Hiroyasu approaches have been used for, in order, combustion, turbulence, spray atomization, spray evaporation, NOx and soot emission modeling. When compared with the experimental data, the simulation results show a good agreement. As for the swirl ratios, minimum NO and soot emission are achieved at SR 3.0 while the optimum bsfc and maximum indicated efficiency are found at SR 1.0. Findings of different injection timing are that advanced injection results in higher NO and higher soot emissions as the retarded injection provides lower NO and higher soot emissions with reference to the baseline simulation. As a result, SR 1.0 and reference injection timing have been found to be the optimum configuration in terms of bsfc and emissions for the engine studied.