20. yüzyılda Almanya'da inşa edilen Hochbunker'lerin dönüşümü üzerine araştırma

The thesis aims to examine the transformations of the Hochbunker designed and built-in Germany during the Second World War. Human beings have produced tools and areas to meet their needs for defense and protection against threats. The design of the defense and protection areas has been changed, and improved, or they have been redesigned in line with the improved technology, materials, and tools. Those shelter areas have been called using various terms, while the most commonly used term has been "bunker". The bunkers may be built aboveground or underground. The designed protection and defense areas can be located inside or outside the city; moreover, they can be camouflaged. The wars in the 20th Century pioneered innovations in the redesign and development of bunkers. Especially towards the end of the First World War, the increase in weapon power and the armament of aircraft and the fact that airstrikes took place over large areas ensured increased the durability of bunker designs according to conditions. After that, the outbreak of the Second World War necessitated the creation of strong defense and shelter structures for all countries. Under Adolf Hitler's direction, a large and high bunker was designed and built in Germany in line with its national, monumental architectural style. This type of bunker was called "Hochbunker" in Germany. Hochbunkers were often transformed after the Second World War, and they were used for various functions. Reuse and transformation of Hochbunkers have been discussed frequently, depending on the collective memory about them. Sometimes, the structures were ignored and tried to be demolished in response to social memory. The changes to be made in a Hochbunker should be performed carefully after determining the scope to be protected in detail depending on the heritage feature of the building. The research investigates the historical process of Hochbunker, design criteria and types. In addition, the impact and reaction of the war affected society in the transformation of the Hochbunkers will be detailed within the scope of collective memory. All this research scope will be exemplified by the transformation projects.