Determination of antibiotic resistance genes in the bacteria isolated from trout farms

In this study, the quality of influent and effluent of 7 trout farms located in Rize and Trabzon was determined in terms of physco-chemical and bacteriological structure. Antibiotic resistance and the presence of resistance gene were investigated in the bacteria isolated from water, sediment and fish. While 9 bacterial species (n:159) particularly Escherichia coli were isoleted from the water and sediment samples, 12 species (n:24) were isolated from fish. According to the antibiogram test results, while the highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin was determined in coliform bacteria, sulfamethoxazole, imipenem and aztreonam were in bacteria in fish. The most effective antibiotics were rifampicin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index values were calculated above the critical line for almost all of the bacteria isolated in this study. The most common antibiotic resistance gene in the bacteria was ampC and followed by tetA, sul2, blaCTX-M1 and blaTEM-OT12 resistance genes in the coliform bacteria. It was determined that while 70,8% of the bacteria had at least one resistance gene, 66,6% of the bacteria had two or more resistance genes. It was determined that 36,54% of the bacteria having plasmid had transferable plasmid and plasmid mediated transferable resistance genes were determined as ampC, blaCTX-M1, tetA, sul2, blaTEM-OT12 and blaTEM-OT34. It was determined that the aquatic environment could play an important role in the development of antibiotic resistance and the dissemination of the resistance genes of the bacteria.