Investigation of physiological, anatomical and cytogenetic effect of the Pb(NO3)2 on Allium cepa L.

In this study, physiological and cytogenetic effects of lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 solution at different doses were investigated in Allium cepa L. Germination percentage, root length and weight gain were investigated as physiological parameters; Micronucleus (MN) frequency and chromosomal aberrations were investigated as cytogenetic parameters. It was determined that root length and weight gain decreased, micronucleus frequency and choromosomal damage increased with Pb(NO3)2 application. The most obvious toxic effect was observed in the group treated with 200 ppm Pb(NO3)2. Unequal distribution of chromatin, fragment, sticky chromosome, chromosome bridge and c-mitosis were observed as chromosomal aberrations induced by Pb(NO3)2. It was determined that Pb(NO3)2 application had the greatest effect on fragment formation in chromosomal damage and c-mitosis was the least observed chromosomal damage. In conclusion, Pb(NO3)2has different physiological and cytogenetic toxic effects in Allium cepa L and it has been determined that this effect is dose dependent.